الفهرس 
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Abstract
The presents study was designed to investigate the effect of Faseiolinsis on immune response or sheep against RVl: vaccines.
200 adult sheep were used in this study. These animals were examined For Fasciola eggs. (By microscopic examination using sedimentation technique).
In this study 30 adult sheep were selected infested with Fasciola and 10 adult sheep were free from Fasciola, gastrointestinal nematodes and free from external parasites (non-infested apparently healthy), and used as control.
The animals, which infested with Fasciola, were classified according to level of serum transaminase enzymes (AST and ALT) into two groups.
First group: (no =15) level of serum transaminase enzymes were AST ranging from (119.6 ± 0.35 to 112.8 ± 0.4 iu/ml) and ALT level ranging from (43.1
±0.31 to 51.42 ± 0.17 iu/ml).
Second group: (no =15) level of serum transaminase enzymes were AST ranging from (43.95 ± 0.74 to 56.46 ±0.19 iu/ml) and ALT level ranging from
(15.96 ±0.15 to 20.52 ± 0.13 iu/ml).
Control group: (no =10) this animals under to clinical examination and were apparently healthy and free from external parasites, and under to faecal examination were free from Fasciola eggs and free from gastrointestinal nematodes.
First group was classified into 3 subgroups
G 3 (no = 5) was treated with nitroxynil (1 ml/ 25 kg b /w s/c) and after one week was vaccinated with one dose of inactivated RVF vaccine 1 ml/ animal s/c.
G 4 (no = 5) untreated and vaccinated with inactivated RVF vaccine 1 ml/ animal s/c. at one dose.
G6 (no = 5) untreated and vaccinated with one dose alive attenuated RV’: vaccine 1 ml/animal sic.
The second group classified into 3 subgroups
GI (no = 5) was treated with nitroxyni I ( 1 ml/ 25 kg b /w s/c) and after one week was vaccinated with one dose of inactivated RVF vaccine 1 ml/ animal s/c.
G2 (no = 5) untreated and vaccinated with inactivated RVF vaccine I ml/ animal s/c. at one dose.
G7 (no = 5) untreated and vaccinated with one dose of live attenuated RVF vaccine 1 ml/animal s/c.
Control group (no =10) apparently healthy and free from external parasites, Fasciola and gastrointestinal nematodes. This group is classified into 2 subgroups:
G5 (no = 5) vaccinated with inactivated RVF vaccine 1 ml/ animal s/c, used as control group for groups Gl, G2, G3, and G4.
G8 (no = 5) vaccinated with live attenuated RVF vaccine 1 ml/ animal s/c, used as control group for groups G6 and G7.
Serum samples were collected from all pervious groups before and in 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14 and 18 weeks after vaccination for: serological tests ELISA and SNT, also for some biochemical tests as AST, ALT, total protein and albumin.
The result of the first group of animals:
1.High level of serum transaminase enzymes AST and ALT, significant decrease in total proteins and albumin level and significant increase in globulin level.
2.G3 all measured parameter showed improvement after treatment, significant decrease in AST and ALT, significant increase in total protein and albumin level as well as significant decrease in globulin level in blood. The results showed that G3 had higher immune response than G4, which untreated and vaccinated with the same type of vaccine wherever G4 at the end of experiment became non-protected against RVFV.
3.When comparing infested groups and control groups found significant difference AST ranging from (119.6 ±0.35 to 112.8 ±0.4 iu/ml) where results of control groups were (33.5 ± 0.17 and 36.6 ± 0.11 iu/ml). ALT ranging from (43.1 ± 0.31 to 51.42 ± 0.17 iu/ml) where control groups results were (13.74 ± 0.14 and 14
0.2 iu/ml).
4.The results of serological tests revealed that infested groups (untreated) had lower level of antibody than control group and treated group, as results of SNT for groups vaccinated with inactivated RVF vaccine after 6th week in treated, untreated and control (3.1, 2.2 and 3.28 NI) respectively. The results of ELISA came in
harmony with results of SNT.
The result of the second group of animals:
1.significant increase in level of serum transaminase enzymes AST and ALT, significant decrease in total proteins and albumin level and significant increase in
globulin level.
2.G1 all measured parameter showed improvement after treatment which return nearly to normal values, significant decrease in AST and ALT, significant increase in total protein and albumin level as well as significant decrease in globulin level in blood. The results showed that G1 had higher immune response than G2, which untreated and vaccinated with the same type of vaccine.
3. When comparing infested groups and control groups found significant difference AST ranging from (43.95 ±0.74 to 56.46 ±0.19 iu/ml) where results of control groups were (33.5 ± 0.17 and 36.6 ± 0.14 iu/ml). ALT ranging from (20.25±0.13 to 15.96 ±0.15 iu/ml) where control groups results were (13.74 ± 0.14
and 14 ± 0.2 iu/ml). type of vaccine wherever G4 at the end of experiment became non-protected against RVFV.
3.When comparing infested groups and control groups found significant difference AST ranging from (119.6 ±0.35 to 112.8 ±0.4 iu/ml) where results of control groups were (33.5 ± 0.17 and 36.6 ± 0.11 iu/ml). ALT ranging from (43.1 ± 0.31 to 51.42 ± 0.17 iu/ml) where control groups results were (13.74 ± 0.14 and 14
0.2 iu/ml).
4.The results of serological tests revealed that infested groups (untreated) had lower level of antibody than control group and treated group, as results of SNT for groups vaccinated with inactivated RVF vaccine after 6th week in treated, untreated and control (3.1, 2.2 and 3.28 NI) respectively. The results of ELISA came in
harmony with results of SNT.
The result of the second group of animals:
1.significant increase in level of serum transaminase enzymes AST and ALT, significant decrease in total proteins and albumin level and significant increase in
globulin level.
2.G1 all measured parameter showed improvement after treatment which return nearly to normal values, significant decrease in AST and ALT, significant increase in total protein and albumin level as well as significant decrease in globulin level in blood. The results showed that G1 had higher immune response than G2, which untreated and vaccinated with the same type of vaccine.
3. When comparing infested groups and control groups found significant difference .
The results of MASA test on the same groups of sheep are in parallel to that of neutralizing test and showed that the protective level of neutralizing RVF antibodies as indicated by SNT and emphasized by ELISA came in harmony with each others.
One record of abortion after live attenuated RVF vaccine in-group 6 which have high level of serum transaminase enzymes and untreated.
Nitroxynil (Dovenix) is given at sufficient time before vaccination has no effect on immune response on sheep vaccinated with RVF vaccine.
RVF vaccines have no significant effect on AST, ALT and total proteins.
RVF vaccines produce significant increase in globulin serum level and significant decrease in albumin level after vaccination. Which is more prominent in live attenuated vaccine than inactivated vaccine.