الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total number of 42 Friesian calves under 5 months were used in the present study. The animals were classified into the following groups:
Group I: include 15 healthy Friesian calves.
Group II: include 22 Friesian calves showing sings of bronchopneumonia.
Group III: include 5 Friesian calves showing sings of pneumonia.
All calves were subjected to carflill cliniDal examination during the study. The clinical findings were anorexia, cough, sn~ezing, congested nasal mucous
membrane, nasal discharge, elevated pulse, respiratory rate, intermittent elevation of body temperature in bronchopneumonic group and constant elevation of body temperature in pneumonic group. from each calf two blood samples were collected. ‘The first blood sample collected from Jugular vien was
divided into three parts. The first part was collected on di-sodium salt of EDTA as anticoagulant for measuring RBCs x l0~ mm3, MCV Mm3, MCH pg and MCHC gIdL. The studies of bronchopneumonic and pneumonic group, showed,
non significant decrease in PCV% of two diseased group, non significant and significant (P ≤ 0.05) decreased in Hb respectively. Non significant decrease and highly significant (I? ≤ 0.01) increase in WBCs of two diseased groups. Non significant decrease and increase in MCV of bronchopneumonic and pneumonic
group respectively. Non significant increase in MCH pig and MCHC gidL of two diseased groups.
The 2nd part was collected without anticoagulant for separation of total protein, albumin, globuline, albumin I globuline ratio (A1G), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Ci) and alkaline phosphatase. The serum studies of bronchopenumonic and pneumonic groups showed:
Significant (P ≤ 0.05) and highly significant (P ≤ 0.00 1) decreased in total protein respectively than control group. Highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) decrease in albumin of both diseased groups. Non significant increase in globuline and
serum K level of both diseased groups than control group. Non significant decrease and highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) decrease in A!G ratio of bronchopneumonic and pneumonic group respectively. Highly significant decrease in serum Na level of both diseased groups. Non significant decrease in
serum chloride level of both diseased groups. The study of serum enzyme of bronchopneumoni.c and pneumonic groups showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) and highly significant (P ≤ 0.00 1) increased respectively than control group. The 3rd part was collected on sodium heparine as anticoagulant for
determination of Acid-base parameters and blood gase [Blood pH; Carbon dioxide (PCO2), Oxygen Tension (P02), bicarbonate (HCO3~) and base deficit or
excess (B.E.)j. The bronchopneurnonic and pneumonic group showed highly significant (P ≤ 0.00 1) and non significant decreased in venous blood pH of two diseased
groups respectively. High significant (P ≤ 0.001) increase in venous PCO2 of two diseased groups.
Non significant decreased in venous P02, HCO~, and B.E in bronchopneumonic and pneumonic groups. The 2~ blood samples was collected on heparin from saphenous artery and used for measurement of blood gases and Acid-base balance. The broncopneumonic and pneumonic groups showed non
significant decrease in arterial blood pH, HCO3 and B .E of two diseased groups. Non significant increase in arterial PCO2 of two diseased groups was showea. In this study the lung border of healthy, bronchopneurnonic and pneumonic calves were examined ultrasonography after slaughter, from diseased calves a piece of affected lung were taken and placed in formaline 10% for
examination from pathological aspect.