الفهرس 
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Abstract
45 sheep and goat flocks were visited in 6 provinces (Menoufia, Kafr Elshiekh, Behera, Dakahlia, Sharkia and Gharbia). Survey study was performed by meeting the owners or shepherds in villages, fields or during summer training of veterinary students at faculty of veterinary medicine to inspect the animals and their sites and speak with owners and shepherds in order to fill the questionnaires. The questionnaires covered various aspects including management practices, nutrition system, housing, diseases as well as mortality (percent and reasons) to know the causes of neonatal mortality to achieve high survival rates. II- Experimental study The present study was carried out at the farm of faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Sadat city to investigate the effect of some management and behavioural factors on offspring survival on small ruminants. Experiments were done on different sheep and goat groups as the following: 1- Effect of isolation stress during late pregnancy on performance of goats and their kids In this experiment fourteen pregnant does were divided into two groups. The first group was subjected to isolation twice a week during the last 5 weeks of gestation (10 bouts in total). Each goat was isolated for an hour in a separated pen (465x550 cm) with no visual or auditory contact with a flock. The second group (n=7) was kept as control. Behavioural, cortisol and glucose response were measured during the first, fifth, and ninth isolation bouts in order to estimate the degree of habituation. After parturition all kids were identified to their dams, their sex and birth rank and body dimensions were measured. The birth weight of kids was recorded.