الفهرس 
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Abstract
These experiments were carried out to study genetic effect
of Ochratoxin A on mice. Ochratoxin A is toxic metabolite produced
by fungus and has adverse effects on human and animal health.
Also, in this study used Nigella sativa oil which considered one of
the greatest healing herbs, to evaluate if it has protective effect
against Ochratoxin A or not.
Experiments were done on different mice groups through two
different ways of Ochratoxin Aadminestration as following.
1. Acute treatment experiment.
In this experiment 40 mice were divided into five groups.
The first three groups were used as control (without any
treatment, NaHC03 and Nigella sativa oil), the fourth group was
administrated intraprotineally with 1.5 mg/Kg body weight
Ochratoxin A, the fifth groups was administrated with the same
dose of Ochratoxin A+l60 mg/Kg body weight Nigella sativa oil.
Half of the animals in each group were scarificed, and the
samples were collected after 24 hours and the other half of
animals were scarifioecl after 72 hours from administration.
from this experiment the effects of Ochratoxin A and
Ochratoxin A+Nigella .tiva oil on mitotic activity and
chromosomal abnorma •••• Were determined.
2. Chronic treat+ ~erimeDt.
In this experimexf 48 mice were divided into five groups,
the first three. grouIla \1Il!ereused as control (without any treatment, Corn oil and Nigella sativa), the fourth group was
administrated orally Img/kg ration of Ochratoxin, the fifth
group was administrated the same previous dose of Ochratoxin
A+7.9 ml Nigella sativa oil /kg ration. Animals were scarificed
after 2 and 3 weeks of treatment to investigate the cytogenetic
effect of Ochratoxin A, Ochratoxin A+ Nigella sativa oil on
mitotic activity, chromosomal abnormalities and micronuclei.
Also to evaluate some biochemical analysis including blood
urea, ASTand ALT after 3 weeks of treatment.
The results of the present investigation could be
summarized in the following:
1. Administration of both Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin A+ Nigella
sativa oil for acute and chronic durations caused a reduction in
the rate of mitotic activity of mice bone marrow cells.
2. Ochratoxin A treatment produced alteration in genetic material
which appeared through the production of many different
types of chromosomal aberrations these aberrations were
chromatied delations, end to end assocations, centric
attunations, fragments, gaps, polyploidy, centric fusion,
chromatied break, ~mosome breaks, ring chromosomes,
and stickness. This .-ean indication that Ochratoxin A may
consider mutogenic ”/er carcinogenic substance.
3. The treatment by eithClltOchratoxin A or Ochratoxin A+NigelIa
sativa had an adve. ~ect on chromosome after 72 hrs. of treatment than 24 hrs. and also, after 3 weeks of treatment
than 2 weeks.
4. Adding Nigella sativa oil to Ochratoxin A not gave a protective
effect in acute treatment ( 24 and 72 hours), but it gave a
slight protection aganist Ochratoxin A genotoxicity after 2
and 3 weeks.
5. Regarding the results of biochemical analysis, it was found that,
Ochratoxin A and Ochratoxin A+Nigelia sativa oil treatment
slightly increased serum uric acid but they did not effect on
serum AST and ALTwhen compared with control.
On conclusion that ochratoxin A had the ability to produce
abnormilities in chromosomes and genetic material, these
abnormalities showed were proportionally increase with the time
of treatment. When Nigella sativa oil was used, it didn ’t gave a
good protection.