الفهرس 
GROSS AND MRI ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE BREASTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 132 |  |  |
| | | from | 132 | | |
Abstract
Preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy (NAC) is currently preferable for patients with inoperable inflammatory or locally advanced breast cancer as it can target clinically occult micro metastases with reduction of microscopic tumor dissemination caused during surgical removal of tumor. NAC prevent tumor growth after surgical resection with Opportunity to deliver cytotoxic agents to the tumor with intact native vasculature. Also, it may allow the conversion of inoperable to operable disease with allowing patients to undergo a less extensive surgical procedure with potentially improved cosmoses.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is an adjunct diagnostic procedure to mammography and ultrasound because of its high sensitivity and effectiveness in dense breast tissue. So, it can be a valuable addition to the diagnostic work-up of a patient with breast abnormality or biopsy-proven cancer. Innovative MRI techniques that go one step beyond morphology and are able to provide a better insight into tumor biology increasingly investigated in clinical trials, but are not yet widely used in clinical routine for breast MRI.
One of the most commonly used sequence in breast MRI is a T1-weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced acquisition (DCE). It is valuable for diagnosis of small tumors in dense breast with the structural and kinetic parameters improved the specificity of diagnosing benign from malignant lesions. DCE is a complimentary modality for preoperative staging, to follow response to therapy, to detect recurrences and for screening high risk women.
MR spectroscopy (MRS) with contrast-enhanced MRI increases the specificity of breast MRI due to the additional biochemical information obtained.In MRS, the first aim is to identify surrogate biochemical markers of cellular transformation, thus differentiating benign from malignant tumors.Elevated concentration of choline and choline metabolites were observed by MRS in a variety of malignancies.
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a modality that makes use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to depict the diffusivity of water molecules.The high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images reflects the restricted diffusion of water molecules in malignant tissue with high cellularity.