الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present investigations ”ere ,”’” ’p £l’formed on fifty
farm of about 250,000 chickens farm may 1989 to may 1991
in Kaluobia Province. The incidence of the respiratory
affection due to bacterial and fungal agents represented
by 14.62%. These agents ”ere E. coli (3.7%), Haemophilus
spp , (4%), Pasteurella spp , (0.82%), Salmonella spp . (2.5%)
and Aspergillus spp. (3.6%). The trachea sho”ed congestion ”ith the presence of
grayish spots on their mucosa and catarrhal tracheaitis.
Congestion of the lungs, grayish ”hite foci and opaque
of air sacs ”ere the most common gross findings in case
of E. coli infection. The trachea show i ng congestion of
its blood vessels with the presence of f ew eosinophilic
debris in their lumen. The histopathological examination
showed congestion and thrombosis of the pulmonary blood
vessels, edema of their Halls and endothelial cells
prolifration. The bronchi showed desquamation of their
lining epithelium, .yperplasia, Focal leucocytic aggregation
with interatrial tdema. Multiple areas of necrosis of
the lung tissues were also seen. The most co” gross findings. in case of infectious
coryza were was ’re4ema of the face. The lungs were
congested. The t,t.cheal mucosa showed turbid fluid and
petechae. The air sacs were opaque microscopically
catarrhal rhinitis and sinusitis were seen. The trachea
showed desquamation of its epithelial lining. The glandular
epithelium showed hyperplasia and leucocytic infiltration.
The lungs were congested with the presence of perivascular
edema. The air sacs were thickened and edematous.
The macroscopical findings in case of pasteurella
infection were petechae of the trachea, grayish-white foci
on the lung tissues. The air sacs showed cloudness.
Microscopically, the tracheal mucosa membrane was congested.
Eosinophilic debris in the atrii and inside the bronchial
lumina were seen. Focal heterophilic aggregation in the
lung tissues, perivascular haemorrhage, and leucocytic
mainly lymphocytes were detected.
The gross findings in case of Salmonella spp , were
nodules of variable sizes situated in the lung tissues.
The tracheas showed the presence of exudate in their lumina.
Microscopically, the trachea showed degenerative changes
in tracheal glands. Nodules in the lung tissues formed
from caseated centeT surrounded with leucocytic aggregation
mainly heterophil.. lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma
cells were evideat •• Thickening of interatrial septa with
leucocytic infiltr~ion were also seen. The bronchi showed
leucocytic infil~~tion in the lamina propria. The air
sa~s show~d leucoe~ic infiltration.
Grossly the infected chickens with Aspergillus spp.
revealed grayish to greenish pathces of few mm in diameter.
On cutting surface, grassy material oozed. The nodules
of few mm in diameter were also seen in lung tissues.
The air sacs were opaque.
Nicroscopically, the lamina propria of trachea showed
leucocytic infiltration mainly mononuclear cells. Nodules
formed from caseated material mixed with heterophils and
lymphocytes ”ere evident. in the lungs. The fungal hyphae
”ere located peripherally which taken postive reaction
with PAS. Focal leucocytic aggregation with interatrial
edema also detected. The bronchi showing desquamation
of the lining epithelium ”ith the presence of eosinophilic
debris in the lumina.