الفهرس 
Introduction
Chemistry and structure of anthocyaninsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present work was performed to study the relationship between two cell death mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy in anthocyanin induced cell death of Human T lymphoma cells (Jurkat cells).
The present work included four experiments:
Experiment I: In this experiment, only different anthocyanin concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5mg/ml) were added to Jurkat cells, this experiment included two groups:
The first group: where different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 50 × 103 cells/ml.
The second group: where different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 100 × 103 cells/ml.
Experiment II: In this experiment, anthocyanin was added to Jurkat cells after autophagy inhibition, this experiment included two groups:
The first group: where different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 50 × 103 cells/ml after autophagy inhibition by 5mM of 3-Ma (3-Methyladenine).
The second group: where different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 50 × 103 cells/ml after autophagy inhibition by 5mM of NH4Cl (ammonium chloride solution). Experiment III: In this experiment, different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 50 × 103 cells/ml after autophagy induction by glucose starvation.
Experiment IV: In this experiment, different concentrations of anthocyanin were added to Jurkat cell density 50 × 103 cells/ml after apoptosis inhibition by 20μM of Z-VAD-FMK.
The main results obtained from this study are summarized as the follow:
Hibiscus anthocyanin significantly inhibited cell growth of Jurkat cells.
The cell growth inhibitory effect of Hibiscus anthocyanin on Jurkat cells was decreased by increasing cell density.
Hibiscus anthocyanin reduced the cell viability of Jurkat cells in a dose and time-dependent manner.
Induction of both autophagic and apoptotic machineries in Jurkat cells upon treatment with Hibiscus anthocyanin.
Inhibition of anthocyanin–induced autophagy by 3-Ma and NH4Cl, significantly decreased the cell viability of Jurkat cells through massive induction of apoptosis.
Autophagy induction by glucose starvation significantly decreased the cell viability of Jurkat cells by apoptosis.
Apoptosis inhibition by Z-VAD-FMK significantly increased the cell viability of Jurkat cells upon treatment with Hibiscus anthocyanin. Apoptosis inhibition by Z-VAD-FMK did not show much influence on autophagic machinery induced by Hibiscus anthocyanin in Jurkat cells.