الفهرس 
مقدمة البحثيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
The strategy of raising the sport man starts since his inception, and
the psychological aspect is one of the important aspects in preparing
him from the very beginning stage to the end. Hence, football referee is
considered one of the main pillars in the progress and development of
this game, so physical psychology represents a paramount importance
to the referee, because it deals with the psychological aspects that
would have positive or negative effects on his performance award. This
science aims at helping the referee to face of all the problems in a
scientific manner so that he can appear in an honorable way.
Amr Hassan Ahmed Badran (2005), confirms that the psychological
features play a key role in formatting the sportive character, and
contribute greatly in improving the level of achievement in various sport
activities (115:69).
The researchers are interested in studying the problems which are
related to pressures and how to address them; as confrontational
approach is useful in solving and addressing problems in the future and
alleviates these pressures. Psychological aspects are variables that
contribute to the ability of football referees in positive confrontation of
pressure and find solutions. as it is one of the main pillars in building
sportive personality, which the different surrounding environmental
experiences the compose and develop them since childhood. As a result,
the referees who have psychological aspects are committing themselves
easily to what they do and believe in their ability to control events. They
look for changing pressures as if normal defied that allow them to grow
and when they realize the pressure they can take Incorrect decisions.
The study of the psychological aspects for the sportive character is
one of the most important research topics in the field of psychology in
general and special in physical psychology. The unique physical and
talents characteristics which are characterized by athletes invites a lot of
specialists in physical psychology to identify the Psychological profile of
these people.
Ahmed Amin Fawzy, and Buthayna Mohamed Fade! (2
mentions that the unique physical characteristics and talents whic
characterized by athletes invite a lot of experts in sportive psycholc
try to identify the psychological profile for those distinct athletes.
also, add that the idea of the profile has been used widely in
studies and remains used to predict success in the sportive perforrr
according to the psychological, physical, condition and physiok
condition of the player (75:6).
The psychological profile is considered a psychological embodi
to the Egyptian football referee, which will be on its basis the acc’
selection of talented referees, their continuity of practicing arbitn
their insistence on practicing this activity without fleeing of fear of
addition it contribute in predicting the behavior of those referee in
to achieve the best results and access to required levels (6:57).
Sabri lbrahim Attia (1996 A.D), mentions that the sportive rel
represents an important element in the sportive field. mor€
arbitration is a fundamental aspect for the success or failure ol
sportive program (21:51).
Hassan Shaltout, and Hassan Sayed Moawad (1997), are agreed on
the decisions made by the referee constitute the active role ol
referees during sport competitions because they carry on
shoulders the efforts of the coach, the player and the administrati
the arena, since the result of the competition does not only depen
the interpretation of laws, but also on the accuracy of
implementation (20:29).
The process of arbitration has a significant impact on upgra
the game. Sobhy Naseer (1997 A.D.), indicates that the referee is
sportsman who runs sportive competition, works on protecting
players, and he has granted the full authority and his decisions are I
Hence, he must have confidence in himself and in his ability to
decisions and arbitration depending on himself specially in the c
that he is the sole judge (103:50).
According to Osama Kamel Rateb (2004 A.D.), the excessive external
pressures located on the shoulders of referee owing to external
agitation may lead to his inability to concentration, attention and
decision-making. This is evidenced of fans noise or coaches’ comments
or players during athletic competition (11: 196).
Nabil Khalil Nada (2009 A.D.), refers to the multiplicity of pressure
sources on the football referee. Some of these sources have been
realized during watching matches or manage them. and exploring saw a
sample of the referees was reached to these sources, such as: referee
himself - the assistant referee - rules of the game - the course of events
of the game - the players - the technical and administrative - the public -
the media - Match - Security (12:110).
The sport that is practiced by most referees in the arbitration process
now, is no longer just a hobby. So saying that arbitration is not merely a
hobby, is a form of reality- denial. Sport, in its contemporary concept
establishes vocational centers where practiced most athletes in most
sports as a source of livelihood head. Football is one of the most popular
sports. football referee is no longer see this sport as a game, but sees it
from an economic perspective; that everything has a price and he is
always demanding the cost of his arbitration and his enjoying millions by
managing the game (179:33).
Therefore the researcher realized that studying the psychological
profile of the Egyptian Football referees, is one of the important factors
that could shed light largely on personal characteristics which may
access the referee to the highest levels. It also, may provide help and
conception for workers in the field of this sport about some
psychological aspects which may help or hinder the progress in their
arbitral performance . which can light a basis for the basic requirements
that help professionals in right choice, the best selection, and guidance
to raise the level of arbitral performance to the Egyptian football.
In the light of this, the researcher can identify the reasons for which
to address this problem.