الفهرس 
Facial anatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 140 |  |  |
| | | from | 140 | | |
Abstract
Traditionally, facial rejuvenation has focussed on skin tightening through surgical resection and superficial skin resurfacing. In recent years, a major shift in facial rejuvenation has occurred, with increasing emphasis on minimally invasive cosmetic improvement. Currently, cosmetic dermatologists combat the effects of aging with a variety of non incisional methods, such as soft tissue augmentation with facial fillers. A multitude of soft tissue fillers exist, each with their own chemical constituents, indications and effectiveness. A thorough knowledge of the properties of facial fillers is imperative for cosmetic dermatologist treating patients with cosmetic problems.
Although injectable facial fillers can offer an effective alternative to surgery for the aging face, they also have their limitations. It is important for the cosmetic dermatologist to recognise specific circumstances which may be best managed with an alternative to fillers, including superficial contour defects too shallow for fillers, areas with significant skin laxity in which filler injection may result in lumpiness and deep defects or folds in areas of dynamic movement which may result in filler dislodgement or visible filler implants.
Proper patient selection and perioperative counseling can provide realistic expectations that will lead to satisfying outcomes for the patient and physician. As minimally invasive cosmetic procedures become more popular, demand increases for more safe and reliable treatments. Many patients view these as quick and effortless aesthetic procedures that can be done at “lunch time” by any practitioner, no different than a facial or massage. As demonstrated, detrimental side effects can occur, and there is critical need to educate the public to seek out appropriately trained cosmetic physicians for these procedures, both to limit adverse events and manage complications when they occur. Understanding and knowledge of regional anatomy, product characteristics, and injection techniques can help give optimal results with the least complications. Situations may arise that require a confident, educated practitioner to effectively diagnose and quickly initiate treatment.
Also, as new injectable products are developed, it is important for the aesthetic dermatologists to stay current and continuously update their approach to volumizing the face.
It is possible that we shall see fillers moving beyond the traditional concept of inert medical devices into the realm of true biologic materials that will improve the texture, elasticity, radiance, and possibly color of the skin itself. The next 2 decades will surely witness movement from the macro to the micro level, and fillers will become systems for active metabolic manipulation and protection of the aging skin.
It is important to know that an “ideal” filler does not exist. Each filler material has its own advantages and disadvantages, its own preferred injection technique and indications, so , as stated earlier, thorough knowledge and follow up of different filler materials is of paramount importance.
For a satisfactory result both for the patients and the dermatologist, filler materials should be thought of as a part of an integral approach for rejuvenation & restoration of youthful appearance. Simultaneous use of other cosmetic tools such as botox, laser resurfacing and chemical peeling with the right filler in the right place will surely result in the optimum response.