الفهرس 
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Abstract
In modem times, there have not been many primary industries in the
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world that have recorded consistent annual growth over a period of two
decades or so. Aquaculture is one of these, a sector that has not only
achieved regular annual growth on a global basis, but is also continuing its
expansion. Aquaculture is anticipated to account increasingly for the
shortfall in aquatic food supply that would result from the population
increase projected until 2025 (Hempel, 1993; Williams, 1996; Sverdrup-
Jensen, 1997) and the leveling off, if not the dwindling, of the returns from
wild fisheries (Botsford et al., 1997; Ye, 1999). Global aquaculture
production excluding aquatic plants has increased from 13,724,214 metric
tons (mt) in 1991 to 35,585,111 mt in 2000. The value (in thousand US$)
of aquaculture production has also increased from 25,611,354 to
50,859,147 (FAO, 2002).
Over the last decade, the world has witnessed sharp increase in
aquaculture Production in many developingcountries (FAO, 2002). It is
very likely that global aquaculture production will continue to increase, and
much of this will occur in the developing countries of Asia, Africa and
Latin America (Hasan, 2001).
Marine aquaculture plays an important role in aquaculture production.
The increase in demand for marine products, accompanied by shortage in
supply through fishing, has encouraged the development of marine
aquaculture. Therefore, marine aquaculture production (excluding aquatic
plants) has increased from 5,375,264 mt in 1991 to 14,145,008 mt in 2000
with value (in thousand US$) increased from 13,038,088 to 24,625,242,
respectively (FAO, 2002).