الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vast quantities of lignocellulosic materials, i.e. biomass, are
available for exploition as potential sources of food, fuels and chemical
feed stocks. Biomass in the form of agricultural wastes accumulates
every year in large quantities both in industrial and developing countries.
These results in a deterioration of the enivornment and loss of potentially
valuable source. If just a fraction of these materials was to be converted,
a significant contribution could be made to the overall problem of source
recycle and conservation.
In the recent years, the changing nature of the industrial and
residential environment in some countries has revived the interest in low
cost on-site waste treatment, while in others, the search for alternative
treatment systems is due to the fact that the conventional collection,
treatment and disposal techniques are either impractical or expensive.
For a variety of reasons, biological conversion of biomass is preferred
over chemical conversion procedures. Obviously, such processes must
be efficient. Thus, it is clear that one must have a thorough
understanding of the enzyme systems required for the hydrolysis of each
of the major components in question and of the microorganisms that
produce these enzyme systems.
Pectin is the major component in the middle lamella and primary
cell wall of higher plants. Pectic substances are acid polysaccharides.