الفهرس 
Anatomy of the female reproductive system and normal radiological appearanceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
By definition, ectopic pregnancy is that condition when the developing blastocyst becomes implanted at a site other than the endometrium of the uterine cavity. The most common extra-uterine location is the fallopian tube, which accounts for 98 percent of all ectopic gestations. Types of ectopic pregnancy are tubal, cervical, cesarean scar implantation, abdominal, ovarian &interstitial or cornual.
Ectopic pregnancy continues to be the leading cause of first-trimester maternal death. Although diagnosis and management have improved, the incidence of this disease has continued to climb mostly due to a continued rise in the prevalence of predisposing risk factors.
Risk factors are previous EP, tubal pathology &surgery, previous genital infections, IUD, infertility, smoking, IVF, vaginal douching & young age at first conception.
Ultrasound examination: is always the initial imaging modality. A diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is based on the positive visualization of an extra-uterine pregnancy, otherwise the woman should be classified as having a ‗‗pregnancy of unknown location‘‘ and then followed up until the final pregnancy outcome is known. Differentiating between different types of ectopic pregnancy can be done. Described diagnostic sonography criteria are suggested for each type.
Transvaginal sonography (TVS) allows the diagnosis of many early cases of ectopic pregnancy superior to transabdominal sonography, and has higher sensitivity (96%) and specificity (88%). Moreover, US allows guidance of interventional procedures such as intraamniotic/intrafetal injection of MTX or KCL.
Summary and Conclusion
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Magnetic resonance (MR):Because of its lack of ionizing radiation and excellent soft-tissue contrast, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is being increasingly used in the evaluation ectopic pregnancy, which despite being usually diagnosed on the basis of a combination of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographic findings,occasionally it is initially identified at MR imaging. Thus, it is imperative that the radiologist should be familiar with the variable appearance of ectopic pregnancy at MR imaging. MRI should be used to evaluate ectopic pregnancy at any time when (a) a patient has positive results of a pregnancy test and (b) an intrauterine pregnancy is not definitively seen.
Interventional radiology: offers therapeutic options that can help avoid surgery, thereby minimizing morbidity and mortality and maximizing the potential for fertility preservation. Such options include chemical injection of an ectopic gestational sac, uterine artery embolization, aspiration and drainage The cervical ectopic, cornual ectopic, tubal and heterotopic pregnancies were all treated by transvaginal or transabdominal sonographically guided injection of KCl or methotrexate into the ectopic gestational sac or embryo. Cornual (interstitial) and cervical ectopic pregnancies are treated with uterine artery embolization with better results than laparoscopy or surgery. Computed tomography: CT scan findings are nonspecific for ectopic pregnancy. The associated ionizing radiation poses a hazard if a normal intrauterine pregnancy is present. CT scanning is typically not the appropriate imaging modality to be used for the analysis of ectopic pregnancy