الفهرس 
COVEROnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 185 |  |  |
| | | from | 185 | | |
Abstract
Primary prevention is a term directed at reducing the incidence of diseases (rate of occurrence of new cases) in the community. The efforts are directed at people who are essentially normal, but believed to be at risk from the development of a particular disorder.
Secondary prevention involves efforts to reduce the prevalence of a disorder by reducing its severity and duration. Thus, secondary prevention programmes are directed at people who show early signs of disorder, and the goal is to shorten the duration of the disorder by early and prompt treatment. It is preventive in that by shortening the duration of illness it prevents chronic morbidity, prevents some of the consequences of mental illness for other people, for example children and spouses, and it may prevent mortality.
Tertiary prevention is designed to reduce the disability and handicap associated with a particular disorder. It is preventive in that by reducing disability and handicap, it prevents many of the associated sequelae of chronic illness.
Primary prevention may be subdivided into universal, selective and indicated prevention (Gordon, 1983).
Universal prevention measures are those regarded as desirable for everyone, and the decision to implement them is taken if their benefits clearly outweigh the costs and risks of implementing them (e.g. seatbelts, encouragement of safe drinking, reduction of cigarette smoking, healthy eating and exercise).
Selective prevention measures are agreed to be appropriate when an individual is a member of a subgroup of the population (e.g. age, gender or occupation) whose risk of becoming ill is above average. Examples are good antenatal and perinatal care in pregnant women; health interventions in young unsupported teenage mothers; and social support for socially-isolated elderly people.
Indicated prevention measures are undertaken for groups at high risk, such as for schizophrenia when a genetic susceptibility is strongly suspected, or for groups that have experienced severe, clearly defined, emotional stress, such as children exposed to disasters or violence.
Geoffrey Rose’s ‘prevention paradox’(1993) applies in mental health as for physical disease; namely that prevention targeted at high-risk individuals produces the best pay-off for those particular individuals, but the best payoff for the population as a whole is provided by universal measures.
Current primary prevention interventions are not projected only towards conduct disorder (CD) and consequences in children but also include a long list of individuals as parents, teachers, nannies and physicians in contact with the children in different setting as at educational facilities, hospitals and the neighborhood (Royal College of Psychiatry Report 2002).
Primary Prevention programs hold potential to reduce the number of cases with mental disorders in the population as current treatment services alone cannot meet mental health needs (Waddell et al., 2007).
Interventions to prevent disorders are highly important towards childhood period due to the fact that they make up to about 25% of total population in Egypt (Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics in Egypt-CAPMAS, 2006).
CD is the most common reason for referral of young people to mental health services. This disorder’s prevalence ranges from 1 to 10% with prevalent in boys more than in girls ranging from 4:1 to 12:1 (Kaplan & Sadok, 2005). If left untreated, impact is noticeable (Colman et al., 2009).
In Egypt, not only there are very few researches that studied CD but also the results of those studies are contradicted. They demonstrated that prevalence of CD ranges from 2 up to 50% of their samples. So, as one of the commonest disruptive childhood disorders; this study is an attempt to shed light on CD, preventive techniques and interventions of this disorder and related issues in children in Egypt