الفهرس 
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Abstract
Limited water resources in addition to soil types and vegetation resources are the most important economical and environmental parameter in the studied area as a strategic target. One of the most important strategic projects in Sinai is El Salam canal project for supplying the area with water needs for irrigation purposes. So, it was necessary to carry out detailed scientific researches to study the hydrogeological and hydrological impacts of this project in the studied area.
The present study aims to apply two groundwater flow models to assess the actual conditions of the groundwater movement in the Quaternary aquifer with the sea water encroachment before the after the construction of El Salam canal for the year 1999 and for the hydrological year 2005/2006, as well as to evaluates the water budget. The assessing of actual conditions of the groundwater flow due to construction of El Salam canal and to prediction for the hydrological situation up to year 2011, as well as to evaluation of the water budget are objected.
The obtained results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity varies between 5m/day to 25m/day, the diffusivity coefficient varies between 20000m2 / day to 60000m2/day. The study before construction of El Salam canal indicate a DROP of groundwater levels ranging from about 0.5m to 5m through five years of prediction. The Applied the model indicates a changes estimates about 4.28 million cubic meters is reported for the hydrological year 1998/1999. The southern boundary (Gilbana fault) contributes to the groundwater storage by about 300000m3/year into the Quaternary aquifer in the studied area. The water budget of the Quaternary aquifer in the studied area indicates an imbalance due to limitation of recharge and high losses by evaporation from the studied area, as well as the encroachment of sea water into and via El Tina Plain. The obtained result of the second model (after construction of El Salam canal) indicates a rise of the groundwater level up to 6 m as well as an expected development of water logging phenomenon in the studied area. The water balance of the second model (after construction of El Salam canal) indicates in an increase of groundwater storage and a decrease of sea water encroachment and decrease of evaporation losses.
The following recommendation can be considered as follows:
1-It is suggested to operate the model after the completion of El Salam canal in order to depict the real changes in the field conditions and to compare them with the expected values.
2-It is suggested to operate the model for the prediction of hydrochemical characteristics and chemical changes of groundwater in the aquifer and surface water in the canal for long term period.
3-Good managements for the land, soil and water resources in the area are recommended in order to control the recorded and expected losses.