الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hypertension is a multi factorial disease with a substantial genetic component. Between 30% and 50% of blood pressure variation in the population is determined by genetic factors*l). Number of genes and environmental factors must be taken into account to dissect the complexity of hypertension, as well as drug response. The blood pressure level is determined by 2 factors: cardiac output and peripheral resistance, both of which are tightly regulated by the sympathetic nervous system’ ’. Beta blocker is class of drugs widely used in the treatment of hypertension, and their antihypertensive effect is mediated by blocking the (31-adrenergic receptor.
Beta adrenergic receptors (PARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors expressed throughout the body, involved in several pathophysiological functions such as blood pressure (BP) they also play an important role in the regulation of heart rate and cardiac contractility. Genetic polymorphisms of the pARs or of their G proteins could lead to functionally different products, higher/lower BP values or greater/smaller BP fall after b- blockade. Recent studies have discovered functionally relevant and common polymorphisms in both [31-AR (Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly) and P2-AR (Argl6Gly, Gln27Glu, Thr 164Ile) genes’3’.
Polymorphisms of the betal and beta 2 adrenergic receptor genes may be crucial in regulating cardiac output and agents blocking it lower blood pressure, researchers hypothesized that genetic variants of the P-adrenergic receptor genes (Ser49Gly, Arg389Gly, Argl6Gly or Glu27Gln and Thr 1641 le) could be of importance in the development of hypertension or drug response to antihypertensive treatments’41.
Pharmacogenomics examine the inherited variations in genes that dictate drug response and explores the ways these variations can be used to predict whether a patient will have a good, bad or no response at all’”1. Studying the effect of betal and beta2 genetic variation on drug response and drug adverse effects, that was one of the present study aims