الفهرس 
Chapter oneOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Key Words:
(Pregnancy complication, First and second trimester of pregnancy,
Multiple marker screening)
The aim
To assess and compare the cost effectiveness of the different strategies
for prenatal screening of fetal and pregnancy complication, and to
determine the most useful protocol for. And to introduce antenatal rapid
aneuplidies detection (ARAD) by QF-PCR test into routine practice to
our community.
Methods:
200 pregnant females were included; they were subjected to ultrasound
scan for nuchal translucency (NT) nasal bone (NB) and b-hCG at 11-
14weeks gestation AND for ultrasound scan for soft markers, major
anomaly with maternal serum alpha feto protein (MSAFP) at18 -22weeks
and at 26-28weeks
Results: we divided cases into two groups, group A who is
subjected to NT, NB and β-hCG at 11-14weeks gestation and was 99
cases. Group B who is subjected to ultrasound scans for soft markers,
major anomaly with maternal serum alpha feto protein (MSAFP) at18 -
22weeks and at 26-28weeks and was 193 cases. There are 5 cases
with increased NT, two cases with decreased free β-hCG, three cases
with increased free β-hCG, there are 9 cases with decreased MSAFP,
amniocentesis was offered to all of them but three cases refused.
Conclusion: The combination of ultrasound and biochemical screening
works better than either one alone either in 1st or in 2nd trimester. 2nd
trimester ultrasound screening can detect most of the structural
abnormalities as NTD, Renal anomalies. QF-PCR is a rapid technique in
the prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies. It allows the
detection of the most common fetal numerical abnormalities with
specificity 100% and sensitivity 100%.