الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sleep has many physiological effects on breathing ranging from the respiratory center to the lower airways and chest wall. The overall effect is to diminish ventilation, which in normal individuals has no adverse impact but these physiological changes can have major adverse effects on patients with ILD.Patients with ILD are at risk for sleep disordered breathing due to limitations in their gas exchange. Daytime hypoxemia causes muscle weakness and fatigue which may result in hypoventilation. (104)SRBDs are still under-diagnosed in patients with ILD due to overlapping symptoms between the two disorders. (112)The aim of this work was to study sleep breathing disorders in patients with ILD.
This study was done on 30 ILD patients admitted at chest department in Minoufiya University Hospitals, in the period from August 2010 to June 2011, to evaluate their sleep pattern changes in comparison to a control group of 20 volunteers.
Each patient was subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, ECG and echocardiography if needed, chest X-ray (posteroanterior and lateral views), pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases, Epworth sleepiness scale and complete overnight polysomnography at sleep unit in chest department.
Patients were classified according to aetiology into IPF, collagen and non collagen and according to degree of restriction into mild, moderate and severe. We compared the polysomnographic data of ILD patients to those of the control subjects.
It was found that patients with ILD had increased apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index, duration of REM sleep and ODI than controls. They had also decreased latency of REM sleep, SE and TST than the control subjects.
This study also revealed increased apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index and duration of REM sleep in IPF patients than collagen and non collagen patients and in collagen than non collagen ones. Also, this study revealed decreased latency of REM sleep, SE and TST in IPF patients than collagen and non collagen patients and in collagen than non collagen ones.
In this study, there were increased apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index, duration of REM sleep and ODI in patients with severe degree of restriction than moderate and mild degrees and in moderate than mild degrees. Also we found decreased latency of REM sleep, SE and TST patients with severe degree of restriction than moderate and mild degrees and in moderate than mild degrees.
In the current study, we found that there was a significant negative
correlation between age and SE and duration of REM sleep, while there was a significant positive correlation of age with apnea-hypopnea index, and
ODI and number of awakenings.
As well, there was no significant correlation in BMI and ESS with SE, duration of REM sleep, REM latency, apnea-hypopnea index and ODI.
Also, this study showed a negative correlation between FVC, MVV and FEF25-75 % and SE, TST and latency of REM sleep, there was a positive correlation with apnea-hypopnea index, arousal index and duration of REM sleep.
Patients included in this study had a significant negative correlation in PO2