الفهرس 
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Abstract
Network synthesis can be performed in two steps : The selection of appropriate active network configuration.
2)The calculation of the element values.
To accuomplish step i) there are a variety of circuit configurations which are capable of realizing a given transfer functions. For this reason it is valuable to identify critria that can be used as a figure of merit for determining the goodness of a circuit configuration. One of the most important criteria for comparing equivalent circuit configurations and for establishing their practical utility in meeting desired requirements is sensitivity.
In practice, real circuit components will deviate from their nominal design values due to manufacturing tolerances. Envirnomental changes such as temperature and humidity and chemical changes which occur as the circuit ages.
The sensitivity of the response of a network to component tolerance is an important practical consideration in the design of active R Cnetworks. Deviations from the nominal element values can distort the response and result in an undesirable or unstable circuit. It is deirable. Therefore to employ design techniques that minimize this effect.
A measure must be defined in order to obtimze the sensitivity of the response.
In order for the sensitivity measure to be practical , all parameter variations must be included, that is, a multiparameter measure is required. The component tolerences must also be accounted for in the definition of the measure.
In this work a new multiparameter sensitivity measure M is introduced. The measure is applied to several active RC filters. The multiple feedback single amplifier configuration were chosen for the application of the sensitivity measure which we call it ”Tolerance measure” so as it can be applied not only for small deviations but also FOR LARGE DEVIATIONS.
This work is divided into five chapters. Chapter (1) gives an introduction to the whole work. Chapter (2) deals with the different ways for the determination of sensitivity by using the Bilinear theorem, the Transfer Function, the State Vriable Analysis and the Single Flow graphs. Then the sensitivity models, single parameter sensitivity, high order sensitivity and the milinum sensitivity networks aredisccused.
Chapter (3)deals with the multiparameter sensitivity. Astudy of the analysis and calculation of multiparameter sensitivity, and the continuously equivaled networks is given. The use of Adjoint networks in the calculation of sensitivities is then discussed in detil, followed by a hint on the multiparameter sensitivity functions sensitivity invariance.
Chapter (4) dicusses the different methods of evaluating sensitivity functions, with different approachs, by (1) The Feedback Theory, (2) The Bilinear Theory, (3) Different approaches depending on the use of a related network, and finally (4) The direct approach.
Chapter (5) covers the synthesis of active RCfiters and multiple feedback approach of Low-pass fiters with single oprational amplifier. It deals with the multiparameter sensitivity measures then, the main part the tolerance measure, then the synthesid of active RC filters, the multiparameter feedback approach using single operational amplifier. The second-order Low-pass filter with a complete sensitivity analysis is dealt with first, then the third-order multiple feedback approach (MFA) Low-pass filter with signal operatioal amplier, and finally the fourth-order MFA Low-pass filter with signal operational amplifier.