الفهرس 
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Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins that function as pattern-recognition receptors for the detection and response to microbial ligands. Direct interaction of TLR–ligand recognition can be flexible,
permitting the recognition of a diverse range of molecules. Activation of TLRs results in a series of phosphorylation/ recruitment/activation events leading to the activation and translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-
κB) to the nucleus. This subsequently leads to transcription of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes.
At least 13 mammalian TLRs and many of their ligands are known.
They act as receptors for bacteria and fungi, and mediate the production of cytokines in response to a variety of viruses and viral ligands. TLRs thus play a crucial role in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL); is a lymphoprolifrative disorder characterized by clonal expansion of malignant CD4+ T cell in the skin.
Correlation between clinical and histological observations of CTCL patients raises the suspicion of viral infection implication in the development of the disease.
Some TLRs can be activated by specific viral antigens such as herpes simplex virus and Epstein- Barr viruses. A role for the TLR2 in the response to viruses has been established.
Prophylactic and therapeutic value may be delivered by modulation of the responsible TLRs if a direct relationship is provided.
The aim of this work is to study of immunohistochemical expression of Toll like receptor-2 (TLR2) in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in comparison to some inflammatory skin lesions. It is hoped that this may bring us
closer to investigate its pathogenetic role and therapeutic implication in this disease entity.
TLR2 may play a role in T cell activation in MF. The suggested stream of events may be as follows, an infectious agent could trigger TLR2, the expression of which is increased in keratinocytes of MF leading to NF-κB activation. The activation of TLR pathways leads to pro-inflammatory cytokine secretions that could contribute to maintain the chronic activation of the CD4+ T-cell infiltrates in skin lesions in the presence of other transforming and mutagenic factors. Further studies to evaluate the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis and treatment of other types of CTCL are recommended.
This case-control study was carried out on 50 subjects. These included 13 mycosis fungoides cases, 32 cases as inflammatory control group (13 psoriasis, 10 lichen planus and 9 atopic dermatitis) and 5 normal skin samples as negative control group.
Mycosis fungoides cases were retrieved from the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, in the period between January 2010 and September 2012.
Inflammatory cases were selected from Dermatology outpatient clinic Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, in the period between January 2010 and November 2010. Cases were diagnosed by clinical presentation confirmed by histopathological examination.
Normal skin specimens were obtained from patients attending plastic surgery department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, in the period between January 2010 and November 2010.
All patients were subjected to detailed history taking, general medical and dermatological examinations and skin biopsy taking. Skin biopsies were taken from the patients and controls after taking written consents.
All biopsies were obtained under local anesthesia. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks were prepared from each skin biopsy. Three paraffin sections, each 4 micron thick, were cut from each block.