الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present investigation was designed to study the physiological and biochemical aspects of heavy metals of air pollution stressed plants (Dodonaea viscose, Bougainvillea spectabilis and Ficus nitida) that used as an indicator for pollutions. The samples of leaves of selected plants were collected from the sites between Al-Kobba and Al-Obour area (University area, Al-Obour Market and Al-Tagnid square) in long duration at two seasons (winter; December and summer; July).
It seems imperative to know the effect of the heavy metals of air pollution on the road side’s plants. Therefore some physiological and biochemical effects of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn on selected plants were studied in comparison with the corresponding changes in each others at selected areas during the two seasons.
The main experimental results can be briefly summarized in the following:
(1) Highly significant increases were found in all the selected heavy metals accumulation in leaves and in dust of the surface of plants in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with the University area in Al-Obour city at summer and winter seasons.
(2) Heavy metal contents were highly significantly increased in all soils of selected areas in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with the University area.
(3) Highly significantly increases were found in all selected minerals in leaves of plants in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with University area. On the other hand, the minerals contents increased gradually in leaves in Ficus, Bougainvillea and Dodonaea plants respectively during summer season as compared with winter season.
(4) Minerals contents were highly significantly increased in all soils of selected areas in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with the University area.
(5) Highly significant decreases of pH were found in all the selected soil samples collected from Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with the University area in Al-Obour city at summer and winter seasons.
(6) The morphological studies in leaf tissues showed high significant reduction in the fresh and dry weights, % of water content and area of leaves of Dodonaea, Bougainvillea and Ficus plants respectively in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market respectively during summer season as compared with University area.
(7) The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total pigments in leaves of polluted areas with heavy metals of air pollution were found to be highly significantly reduced as being compared with those of the corresponding heavy metals of University area throughout the summer and winter seasons. While the carotenoid contents of leaves were highly significantly increased as compared with those of University area.
(8) The anthocyanin pigment in leaves of the selected plants, its content was found to be highly significantly increased in selected areas at summer season as compared with University area but with a lesser values than those observed in winter season.
(9) Highly significant reduction in total protein contents of leaves of plants in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market respectively during summer season as compared with winter season.
(10) The content of reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and total carbohydrates were shown to be highly significantly decreased in leaves of selected plants in chosen areas at the experimental period as compared with the responding contents in leaves of University area.
(11) The accumulation of heavy metals of air pollution in leaves of Dodonaea, Bougainvillea and Ficus plants in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market respectively showed high significant increases in phenolic compounds content during summer and winter seasons as compared with University area.
(12) The proline content of leaves was highly significantly increased Dodonaea, Bougainvillea and Ficus plants respectively in Al-Tagnid square and Al-Obour market as compared with University area. The contents of proline are found to be higher in leaves of plants collected in summer season than collected in winter season.
(13) Leaves of plants in selected areas have higher levels of lipid peroxidation during summer season when compared to plants in winter season; on the other hand the MDA content were increased in leaves of Dodonaea, Bougainvillea and Ficus plants respectively.
(14) The accumulation of heavy metals in leaves of plants induced high significant increases in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity during summer and winter seasons.
(15) The heavy metal of air pollution caused highly significant increases in the Glutathione (GSH), Ascorbic acid (ASA) and α-Tocopherol (Vitamine E) contents in leaves of the chosen plants as compared with the university area.
(16) Highly significant increases in the content of ABA in leaves of the chosen plants in Al-Tagnid and Al-Obour market as being compared with the same plants in University area