الفهرس 
I. IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cervical lymphadenopathy is an important disease, affecting children and always calls for meticulous attention, analysis and treatment.
Males are more affected than female.
The most common age is 4-8 years old.
The most common cause is reactive hyperplasia especially reactive to the infection of the head and neck.
Low incidence of tuberculosis in comparison with other papers from India other Far East country due to obligatory BCG vaccine.
FNAC has low sensitivity about 49% and not dependable in child age
group.
Excisional biopsy is considered the gold standard.
Neoplastic lymphadenopathy in children is 10% of total
lymphadenopathy and mainly lymphoma.
Cervical lymphadenitis that is bilateral, with node size smaller than 1 cm should be observed without further evaluation or treatment. Cervical lymphadenitis should be empirically treated with antibiotics if patients have no systemic symptoms, node size larger than 1 to2 cm in diameter unilateral lymphadenopathy, erythema, and tenderness. Antibiotics should be targeted against S. aureus and group A streptococcus, and should include a 10-day course of oral cephalexin amoxicillin/clavulanate, or clindamycin.
Symptoms that should prompt consideration of biopsy to rule out malignancy or granulomatous disease include:-
• Supraclavicular node location.
• Node size larger than 2 cm in diameter.
• Enlargement for more than six weeks.
• No decrease in size after four to six weeks.
• Lack of inflammation.
• Firm or rubbery consistency or ulceration.
• Failure to respond to antibiotic therapy.
• Elevated LDH and ESR.
• Enlarged other groups of lymph nodes.
• Abnormality in abdominal ultrasound such as hepatosplenomegally and Para-aortic lymphadenopathy……...etc.
• Abnormality in chest x ray as hilar lymphadenopathy ,radiological
sign of tuberculosis………etc.
• Systemic symptoms (e.g., fever, weight loss……etc).