الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was undertaken to survey stored product mites and insects inhabiting different stored products and food materials at different locations of Menofia Governoarte (Ashmoun, Menouf, Tala, Queisna, Berket El-Sabaa, Bagour, Shebein El-Koum, El-Shohadaa and El-Sadat districts) during the two successive seasons 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Also, the population dynamics of the most collected mites and effect of the biotic and abiotic factors in this population was taken in consideration. Moreover, effect of the most important mite pest on the constituents of the Turkish cheese (total protein, lipids, glucose and amino acids) was also conducted. Biological studies on the most common collected astigmatid mite, T. putrescentiae when fed on different diets at 25 ºC and 75 % R.H. were also determined in the current study. I. Ecological study: I. A. Survey study: An intensive survey was carried out during the two successive seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012) to survey the mites associated with different stored products at different areas at Menofia Governorate. Data proved the occurrence of 82 mite species belonging to 54 genera under 30 families belonging to 4 suborders Acaridida (Astigmata), Actinedida (Prostigmata), Gamasida (Mesostigmata) and Oribatida (Cryptostigmata). Data revealed the occurrence of 28 different acaridid species in 17 genera and 7 families. The families were Acaridae, Suidasidae, Glycyphagidae, Histiomidae, Pyroglyphidae, Carpoglyphidae and Chortoglyphidae. The actinedid mites in this study were 34 different mites associated with different stored products and food materials under 24 genera belongs to 14 families. The surveyed families were: Cheyletidae, Bdellidae, Pyemotidae, Scutacridae; Tarsonemidae, Rhagididae, Cunaxidae, Stigmaeidae, Acarophenacidae, Caligonellidae, Smarididae, Raphignathidae, Eupodidae, Tydeidae.The study showed also that there are 18 different mesostigmatid mites belonging to 11 genera and 7 families as follows: Ascidae, Parasitidae, Laelapidae, Macrochelidae, Anystidae, Dermanysidae and Uropodidae. The oribatids in this study were 2 species in 2 genera and 2 families (Oppiidae and Oribatulidae). I. B. Population fluctuation study: The date palm fruits and wheat flour had chosen to estimate the infestation of the different mites to these hosts at Menofia Governorate during 2010-2012. It was observed that the commonest collected mites in this study were belonging to suborders Acaridida, Actinedida and Gamasida. I. B. 1. Date palm fruits: In this study, it is clearly evident that the most common collected mites associated with date palm fruits were belonging to suborders Acaridida, Actinedida and Gamasida. The highest number of the mites was belonging to acaridid mites (Astigmata) recorded the highest level of population during July and August 2010 (87 & 80 mites, respectively) and 2011 (88 and 74 mite individuals, respectively). However, the actinedid mites (Prostigmata) showed the highest level of abundant during August and September, 2010 (40 & 50 mites, respectively) and also during 2011 (44 & 51 mites, respectively). The population of gamasid mites (Mesostigmata) had the same trend occurred with the prostigmatid mites where these mites recorded 41 & 45 and 45 & 50 different mesostigmatid mites during August and September, 2010 & 2011, respectively. Generally, the mean number of the collected mites during the course of this study was 44.25, 25 & 23.83 mites for acaridid, actinedid and gamasid mites, respectively during the season 2010/2011 and changed to recorded 46, 29.08 & 26.25 mites, respectively during the season 2011/2012. I. B. 2. Wheat flour: During the course of this study, the most collected mites associated with wheat flour in Ashmoun region were similar to that recorded associated with date palm fruits. These mites belonging to suborders Acaridida, Actinedida and Gamasida. The acaridid mites were the most abundant category in number. The highest number of mites was observed during July and August for the acaridid mites (64 & 60 mites) for the first season 2010/2011 and (73 & 66) during 2011/2012, respectively. However, the actinedid and gamasid mites reached to their peak level of abundance during August and September for the tested seasons, recording 39 & 44 actinedid mites and 37 & 40 mites for the gamasid mites during 2010 and 39 and 46 for the actinedid mites and 42 & 46 for the gamasid mites during 2011. Generally, the mean averaged number of the collected mites during this study was 32.41 for the acaridid mites, 21.08 for the actinedid mites and 19.08 for the collected gamasid mites during 2010/2011 and 39.58, 33.75 & 23.0 individual for the same order of mites during 2011/2012 season. Statistical analysis of the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population of the collected mites denoted that the correlation value of the most tested factors expressed as a significantly positive relation on the population of the collected acaridid, actinedid and gamasid mites except for the effect of relative humidity which was negatively affected. The all tested factors separately or combined with each other were affected with non-significantly relationship on the population dynamics of the collected acaridid, actinedid and gamasid mites in this region during the study periods. II. Biological study of Tyrophagus putrescentiae. This part of study is conducted to throw some lights on the effect of some foodstuffs on the main biological aspects of the acrid mite, T. putrescentiae at 25+2 ºC and 75+5 % R.H. II. A. Female: II. A. 1. Incubation period: It was clear that there was a slightly significant difference between the incubation period of T. putrescentiae and different food types. II. A. 2. Immature stages: T. putrescentiae pass through the immature stages larva, protonymph and deutonymphal stages.The immature stages of T. putrescentiae female took 8.0, 9.2, 9.7 and 10.0 days when fed on wheat flour, milk powder, granular chicken feed and fish powder, respectively. II. A. 3. Life cycle: The obtained results obvious that T. putrescentiae female reached maturity in 11.1, 12.5, 13.3 and 14.0 days when the mite individuals fed on the same food order (wheat flour, milk powder, fish powder and granular chicken feed), respectively. The feeding on wheat flour shorted the life cycle but the feeding on fish powder longest this period. II. A. 4. Longevity: Concerning the adult female longevity of T. putrescentiae, it was observed that this period differed on the different tested food, reached to the highest level on wheat flour 39.0 days and recorded the lowest period when the females fed on fish powder (25.1 days). II. A. 5. Life span: Accordingly, the life span of T. putrescentiae, also affected by the types of food. The female life span averaged 50.1, 47.2, 40.3 and 39.1 days when the mites fed on wheat flour, milk powder, granular chicken feed and fish powder, respectively at 25+2 ºC and 75+5 % R.H. II. A. 6. Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods: The obtained results show that the pre-oviposition period of T. putrescentiae did not highly affected by the type of used diets and this period was about 2 days; while the adult female needed 34.6, 30.4, 22.8 and 21.0 days for egg deposition. On the other hand, the post-oviposition period lasted 2.6, 2.1, 2.6 and 2.2 days on the same diets, respectively. II. A. 7. Fecundity: The current data showed that the type of feeding source affected significantly on the fecundity of T.putrescentiae.The highest deposited number of eggs was noticed when the female fed on wheat flour (39.2 eggs), but the lowest number recorded when the mite fed on fish powder (28.0 eggs).The female deposited 34.2 eggs on milk powder and 30.0 eggs on granular chicken feed. II. B. Male: II. B. 1. Incubation period: The incubation period of T. putrescentiae male individuals lasted 2.6, 3.0, 3.4 and 3.7 days when the mites fed on wheat flour, milk powder, granular chicken feed and fish powder, respectively at 25 ºC. It is clear that, the incubation period was affected significantly by the food type. II. B. 2. Immature stages: The study revealed that the immature stages of T. putrescentiae lasted 7.2, 7.3, 9.0 and 9.5 days, when the same diets mentioned before used, respectively. II. B. 3. Life cycle: The life cycle of T. putrescentiae is completed in 9.8, 10.3, 12.4 and 13.2 days for male at 25 ºC when reared on the same diets, respectively. This period was highly affected by the type of used feeding source. II. B. 4. Longevity: The longevity of T. putrescentiae was highly affected by used food. Male took the highest period on wheat flour (28.7 days) and sharply decreased to 17.0 days when fed on fish powder. This means that the wheat flour was the best diet but the fish powder was the least one. This period on milk powder and granular chicken feed was 23.9 and 18.8 days, respectively. II. B. 5. Life span: The life span of T. putrescentiae male when fed on the same order of feeding source lasted 38.5, 34.2, 31.2 and 30.2 days, respectively.The current study indicated that the biological aspects (incubation period, life cycle, longevity and life span) of the acarid mite, T. putrescentiae were highly affected in both sexes (male and female) when the different types of food were used. III. Effect of infestation with Tyrophagus putrescentiae on the different constituents of Turkish cheese: This part of study aimed to investigate the effect of T. putrescentiae (100, 200 and 300 T. putrescentiae mite/ 100 g cheese) on the constituents of the Turkish cheese after three months of infestation. These components of cheese were total protein, total glucose, total lipids and amino acids. The number of resulted T. putrescentiae after the ending of the experiment was 3453.75, 3847.5 and 4807.5 mites in case of application of 100, 200 and 300 mites, respectively. III. A. Effect of T. putrescentiae on total protein of Turkish cheese. from the obtained results in this study, it is obvious that the treatment with 100 mites did not affect Turkish cheese protein content. The obtained results denoted that when the number of mites infested cheese increased from 100 – 300 mites), the contents of cheese protein are decreased. III. B. Effect of T. putrescentiae on total glucose of Turkish cheese. The current study revealed a highly variation in the glucose contents of Turkish cheese and this contents decreased with increasing the number of T. putrescentiae infestation from 200 to 300 mites. However, when the number of mite infestation was 100 mite individuals, the glucose contents decreased to (919.4 gm/100 gm cheese) and more decreased in case of 200 mites (876.767 gm/100 gm cheese). However, when the infestation with acarid mite was 300 mite individuals the glucose content of the tested Turkish cheese recorded (749.3 gm/100 gm cheese).The content of carbohydrates in the absence of mite (control) was 1247.0 gm/100 gm of Turkish cheese. III. C. Effect of T. putrescentiae on lipids contents of Turkish cheese. After 3 months of infestation with 200 and 300 individuals of T. putrescentiae, the total lipids was decreased by 0.903 and 2.343 mg/ 100 g cheese, respectively compared to control. On the other hand, there is no effect of mite infestation on lipid content when the rate of infestation was 100 individual/ 100 g glucose. III. A. Effect of T. putrescentiae infestation on Turkish cheese amino acids Contents. When the number of T. putrescentiae on Turkish cheese increased from 100 to 300 mites, the amino acids contents of cheese was obviously increased. The amino acids represented by 4565.866, 6051.066 and 6060.27 (gm/100 gm cheese) when the T. putrescentiae was applied with 100, 200 and 300 mites, respectively compared with 4111.33 (gm/100 gm cheese) in case of absence of mite infestation (control).