الفهرس 
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Abstract
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SUMMARY
Pests of plants and animals have apeared since agriculture started
and land cultivated. Human achieved environment control by using
pesticides, as a method by which human control pests. during the last
1 thirty years, pesticides became the main method for pests control in
spread wise, specially when pests, (weeds, fungus and insect) caused
damage of about 39%, 33%, 37%, 22%, 24%, and 330/0for each of
wheat, rice, maize, vegetables. fruits and cotton, respectivelly.
Damage caused by insect pests for main crops is estimated by
more than L.E. 60 milion per annum.
This investigation contains :
- Ecamomic importance of vegatble crops especially, potato and
strawberry. They ecupay a principal position among vegetable crops
in Egypt, because of their nutrition quality and because they are
orchard crops that cultivated for local consumption and import and
they has a each income for farmers as compared with other crops.
- The work justifications : When each of mole cricket or cuturorm
attack strawberry or potato in the field they decrease the yield
remarkably.
- Invistigation goals or importance:
’Ii Threw some lights on the economic effects of pests infestation.
* Control methods of these pests.
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* Economic evaluation of certain control methods to chose the
optimal method that control pests with the least coast and a gain
the highest income.
Materials and methods of this work depend on analysis of data of
production; yield / feddan, cultivated area and the net income of
strawberry and potato. Also the use of some economic measurements
to show the efficiency of production, the coast of these crops; treated
area against mole - cricket and cutworms on these crops. Some
experiments carried out in complete Randomized Block designe and
statistical analysis by using ”F” test and L.S.D. to determine the best
, method for controlling these two pests.
Sources of data and work plan :
1- First shapter (Review of Literature).
Knowing the important results obtained by the eirlier investigations
in the fields of strawberry and potata production and the control of
mole - crickets and cutworms on these crops.
2- Second shapter (Control methods of Agricultural pests).
These methods are the natural and applied control methods. The
last one includes mechanical; agricultural; biological, chemical and
integrated control methods.
In this part also, control of cutworms and mole - crickets,
relatively importance of treated area against mole - cricket and
cutworms on vegetable crops were studied during the period (1985 -
1993). This area is about 111.4% of the total cultivated area. Area
treated against mole - <rickets was about 1.80/0 of average cultivated
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area. Area treated against cutworms is about 9.6% of average
cultivated area during the mentioned period.
Relative importance of cutworms and mole - crickets on strawberry in
Egypt during (1985 - 1993) period.
Treated average area against mole - cricket was about 20.4% of
cultivated area (4153.4 fed). Treated area against cutworms was about
30.20/0 of average cultivated area.
Relative importance of cutworms and mole - crickets on potato in
Egypt during the period of (1985 - 1993).
Treated average area against mole - crickets was about 68.2% of
average cultivated area (174900 fed). While that treated against
cutworms was about 4.6%.
Development of treated area against insect pests on vegetables in
Egypt during (1985 - 1993), Statistically, insignificant annual increase
was absirved.
_ Development of treated area against cutworm and mole crickets on
strawberry during (1984 - 1993).
- Insignificant increase and significant decrease respectively were
adievcd.
_ Development of treated area against cutworms and mole - crickets on
potato during (1984 - 1993).
Third shapter (Economics of strawberry and potato production).
Obtained data revealed that there was significant annual increase of
yield / feddan of about 0.365 ton in average during the period of
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(1980- 1993). That increase was 0.414 and 0.348 ton in winter and
summer planting seasons respectively.
The production of strowberry IS concentrated in about 8
governorates of Qalubia, Isrnailia, Sharkia, Menoufia, Giza, Gharbia,
Menia and Damietta. Qalubia is the superior of other governorates in
Egypt as the total production was about 10153.5 ton representing about
50.690/0 of total Egyption production during (1980 - 1993). On the
same base governorates could be arranged as following : Ismailia
(44.57%), Sharkia (4.43%), Giza (0.59%), Menofia (0.28%), Menia
(0.01 %) Gharbia (0.000/0)and Domietta (0.0007%).
These governorates could be arranged according to strawberry
cultivated area in the same order.
According to yield / feddan, Giza was the first (10.4 ton / fed)
followed by Ismailia (7.3 ton), Qalubia, Sharkia, Menia, Menofia,
Gharbia and Damietta.
Development of potato production and yield / feddan in summer
and nili planting seasons during (1980 - 1993).
There was insignificant decrease of 21510 ton of production
yearly. There was insignificant increase of 0.094 ton of yield I feddan
yearly.
Relative importance of producer governorate showed that Beheira
governorate was the most important one as its production was 3291100
t
ton representing about 23.59% of Egyptian production of potato. It
follwed by Menoufia (21l.79%), Giza (14.36%), Gharbia (13.74%),
Merna (5.8%, Dakahlia (5.77%), Qalubia (4.51%), Alexandria
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(2.53%), Sharkia (1.14%) and Damietta (0.980/0). This arrangement
will be the same if cultivated area is the base.
Mentioned governorates could be arranged according to the yield /
feddan as Be,heira (9.16 ton), Giza (9.14), Gharbia, Dakahlia, Sharkia,
Damietta, Menoutia, Menia and Alexandria.
from studying the relative importance of field production coast of
strawberry in Egypt during (1984 - 1993) it is shown that coasts are
nursies price (55.7%) of coasts), libers salaries (16.8%), rent of land
912.4%), chemical and natural fertilizers (5.9%, 5.1 %), tools (3.5%),
pesticides (1.8%) of coasts per feddan that was 4288.45 L.E.
Total coast of one ton of strawberry decreased insignificantly
during (1984 - 1993).
Study of relative importance of field production coast of potato in
summer planting season during (1980 - 1993) showed that it included
tuber (48.60/0), fertilizers (13.2%) pests control (9.90/0), liberian salaries
(5.5%), rent of land (5.30/0), harvest (5.2%), land preparation for
planting (40/0) and agricultural practics (6.8%) of one feddan coast
(1166.4 L.E).
In nili season these ’coasts come in the same trend.
Fourth chapter (Evaluation of control methods of mole - crickets
and cutworms on potato and strawberry).
1- On potao :
Treatment of applying poison baits against mole - crickets towice,
after cultivation and growing irrigations was the superior because:
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a) It achieved increase of yield crops by 724 kg of control in rate of
23.230/0, 3734 kg (135%) and 1638 kg (82.440/0) of control 10
planting seasons of winter, summer and nili, respectively.
b) It achieved increase of healthy tuber weight by about 310/0, 218.5
and 225.20/0 of control in winter, summer and 310/0, 218.5 and
225.2% of control in winter, summer and nili seasons respectively.
c) It achieved decrease of infested tubers by 6.32, 25.51 and 42.590/0 of
control during the planting seasons of winter, summer and nili in
order.
d) It achieved the greatest benifits as increased each in come by 289.6,
1493.6 and 829 L.B / r ketat during winter, summer and nili
seasons.
Treatment of handly collecting of cutworms larvae achieved
increase of yield by 15.950/0of control during 1991/1992 season and by
15.990/0 during 1992/1993 season. It achieved each income of 186 L.E
(1991/1992) and 198.8 L. E (1992/1993).
2- On strawberry :
Treatment of applying poison bait twice, after false irrigation and
during planting nursery plants was the best as :
a) It achieved increase of yield by 40.64 & 56.470/0of control during
winter and summer seasons (1991/1992) and by 13.5,20% during
,
the two seasons (1992/1993).
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b) It achieved the greatest benifits of 132.4,274.5 L.E (1991/1992) and
95, 276 L.E (199211993) in winter and summer seasons
respectively.
Treatment of handly collection of cutworms larvae achieved the
greatest increase of yield of about 19.470/0 (1991/1992) and 24.7%
(1992/1993) of control. Benifits were 417 L.E (1991/1992) and 516
(1992/1993).