الفهرس 
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Abstract
Most of the physical problems encountered today render themselves nearly impossible to solve by analytical means by virtue of their immensity and complexity.
Numerical techniques present a good alternative to the engineers and scientists in such situations. Numerical simulation of physical phenomena like Simulation of deformable
objects is a key challenge, with a long history in computer graphics [1]. Deformable object models are important because so much of our physical world cannot be modeled as rigid bodies. The most important examples are, of course, humans, human tissue, and human- like characters. We conjecture that one reason for the preponderance of robotic and, wooden characters in recent computer animation is the difficulty of realistic deformable object simulation. Simulating deformable objects for graphics is difficult because of the
conflicting demands of interactivity and accuracy. In animation, the simulation must be fast enough to provide useful feedback to the animator. Simulation of deformable objects have been successfully developed using the finite difference (FDM), finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). As the numerical solutions, finite element and finite difference methods give a global solution at any particular point desired.