الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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5. SUMMARY
This expriment was carried out at the hatchry of the International Poultry
Company (Nobaria _Alexandria) and Poultry Research Station belonging to
the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture. Zagazig University,
Benha Branch.
It was aimed to study the effect of thyroid hormone preparation (Eltroxin) -.
anlilhyroidal drug (Carbimazole) and growth hormone on the chicks’
embryonic development, productive performance and some blood
constituents as related to the melabolic processes in broilers .
A total number of 700 eggs from Arbor Acres parent breed were used in
this study. Eggs were divided into two divisions (each of 350 eggs), eggs of
the first division was injected (into the air cell) just before incubation and
those of the second division was injected (into the embryonic allantoice
cavity) at the 9 th day of incubation period . Eggs of each division were then
subdivided into ten groupS, eggs of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rei groupS were
injectedwrth0.05,0.10 and 0.15/1g ertroxin,respectively,those ot tne 4 th, 5
th and 6 th qroups were injected with 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mg carbimazol
e
,
respectively, while eggs of the 7 th, 8 th and 9 th groups were injected with
0.005, 0.02 and 0.04 I.U. growth hormone, respectively. Eggs of the 10 th
group were injected with distilled water and used as control group.
Embryonic mortality was calculated during the incubation period and
experised as total embryonic mortality.
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All hatched chicks were wing banded, individually weighed, vaccinated
and kept under a similar and standard conditions of management.
environment, hygein and nutrition.
Body weight was weelky and individually recorded to the nearst gram
along the experimental period. Weight gain and rate of growth between each
two successive weeks were individuallY calculated. Feed consumed by all
chicks ot each treatment was daily recorded, averaged and expressed in
grams per day per chick. Feed conversion was then calculated as a ratio between
feed intake (gm) and gain weight (gm). Shank and keel lengths were
weekly and individually measured to the nearst (rnrn) alter the end 01 the lirst
week and then at weekly intervals up to the end of the experimental period.
Pertormance idex was weekly and individually calculated. Economical
efficiency was also, calculated. Slaughter and carcass quality were measured
at 49 th day of age.
Serum calcium, inorganic phosphOrus,alkaline phosphatase, total lipids
and cholesterol were determined at 35, 42 and 49 days ot age. In addition, at
the end of the experimental period calcium absorption rate tor each intestinal
part was determined (in vitro) as total calcium absorption, absorption
per (crnl intestinal length and per (gm) intestinal dry weight.
Results obtained could be summerized as folloWS:
Highly significant variations in embryonic mortality and hatchability were
tound due to treatments applied. Injecting eggs with either eltroxin or
carbimazo
1e
at a level ot 0.05 jJg or 0.15 rnq, increased
embYo
nic
mortality (24 and 22 respectively) and decreased hatchability
(64.
10
% and 66.10 % respectively). Highest percentage ot hatchability
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(95%) and lowest value of embryonic mortalily(1%) were observed in the
eggs injected with growth hormone at a level of 0.02 I.U. (95 % and 1
respectively).
Injection time had significant effect on bOdy weight at hatch only.
Hatched chicks from eggs injected at the 9 th day of incubation period had
the highest body weight average at hatch (43.64 gm) when compared with
those injected before incubation (42.13 gm). Hatched chicks from eggs
injected with eltroxin at a level of 0.10 I’g had the highest average of IJOdy
weight at hatch (43.76 gm), while chicks hatched from eggs iniected with . eltroxin at level 0.15 I’g e”roxin had the lowest body weight average at hatch
(41.71 gm). Chicks injected with 0.051’9 eltroxin had tne highest bOdyweight
averages at the 4 th and the 7 th wk. of age (719.85 and 1763.61 gm
respectively). Chicks of control groUphad the lowest averages of bOdyweight
at the 4 th (620.46 gm) and the 7 th week of age (157
4
.31 gm).
APpling treatments had highly significant effects on bOdywieght gain at all
periodS of estimation. Chicks Injected with ellroxin at a level of 0.05 I’g
eltroxin were significantly higher in body weight gain in all estimation periodS
(676.31,1043.76 and 1720.07 gm at the period from 0 - 4,5 - 7 and 0 - 7
wks respeetivaly) comparing with other treatments applied and controls.
Treatments applied had significant effect on growth rate at the period
from 5 _ 7 wks of age. Chicks injected with growth hormone at a level 01
0.OO5I.U.had significant higher growth rate average (87.65 %) at the period
from 5 _7 wk. On the other hand, chicks injected with 0.05 I’g ettroxin had
insignificant higher growth rate average during the periods from 0 - 4 and
0-7 wks. of estimation.
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Treatments applied had significant effects on either shank length
averages (at the 1 st, the 4 th and 7 !h wk.) or keel length averages (at the
1 ~t and the 7 th wk. only). Injecting chicks with 0.05 jig eltroxin had
significant higher shank and keel lengths at the 4 th and the 7 th wk. of age
(8.23,11.03 em and 11.69, 15.65 em respectively).
Injection time had significant effect on feed consumption averages at the
periods from (0 _ 4) and (0 - 7) wks. APplyed treatments had significant
effect on either feed consumption or feed conversion averages at all
experimental periods. Injecting chicks with 0.15 jig eltroxin significantly
increased feed consumption average at all periods 01 estimation (1406.30,
2539.55 and 3945.85 gm respectively). However, controls had the lowest
avearges at all of estimation periods (1185.20, 2168.05, and 3353.25 gm at
the period from 0 _4 , 0 - 5 and 0 - 7 wks respectivelY). Injected chicks with
0.05 mg carbimazole weresigniflcanlly better in feed conversion at the
periods from (0 _ 4) and (0 - 7) wks. (1.91 and 2.16 respectively).
Applying treatments had significant effect on performance index at all
experimental periods. Injecting chicks with either 1l.05 mg carbimazo
le
or
0.05 jig eltroxin significantly increased performance index averages at the
period.from 0 _4 (38.54 % and 35.29 %) and 0 -7 wks. (77.41 % and 78.05
% ). Chicks injected with either 0.02 I.U. growth hormone (74.10 %) or 0.05
jig eltroxin (73.20 % ) had significantly the highest averages of performance
index at the period (from 5 to 7 wks ).
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Highly significant effect on the economical efficiency was observed at ail
experimental periods due to treatments applied. Injecting chicks with 0.05 mg
carbimazol
e
signdicantly increased economicai efficiency averages at the
periods (from 0 to 4 wks) (162.16 % ) and ( from 0 to ”7 wks ) (144.32 %),
tollowed by those injected with either 0.05 jJg eltroxin during the period
(from 0 to 4 wks ) (145.50 %) or controls during the period ( from 0 to ”7 wks)
(140.75 %). Chicks of control group had significantly the highest economical
efficiency average (139.10 % ) during the period ( from 5 to 7 wks ). Chicks
injected with 0.04 I.U. growth hormone had significantly the lowest
economical efficiencY averages at all periods of estimation (- 26.31, 33.60
and _0.12 %during the period from 0 - 4, 5 - 7 and 0 - 7 wks respectively).
Injecting chicks with either 0.01 mg carbimazole (3.7 %) or 0.15 jJg
eltroxin (3.6 %) significantly increased the proportional blood weight.
Controis had the lowest proportional blood weight average (2.1 %), and the
highest proportional feathers weight (6.9 % ) .
Injecting chicks with carbimazole at a levei of 0.15 mg significantly
increased in the proportional giblets weight (7.2 %). However, insignificant
effect due to this treatment was found on either the proportional eviscrated
(77.7%) or total edible (84.6%) weights.
Applying treatments had highly signdicant effect on serum caicium.
Injecting chicks with eltroxin at a level of 0.15 jJg signdicantly increased the
average of serum calcium (13.27 mg 1100 ml) followed by controls (11.42
mgl10
0
ml) when compared with other treatments applied. Serum calcium
level increased wi1hincreasing the level of growth hormone. Chicks injected
with 0.15 mg carbimazole had the lowest average of serum calcium (9.37
mg/100 rnl) when compared with other treatments applied.
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Injection time had high significant effect on serum inorganic phosphorus
content. Injecting chicks with either 0.02 and 0.04 I.U. ~Jrowth hormone or
0.15 I1g eltroxin significantly increased serum inorganic phosphorus content
(5.18. 4.97 and 4.96 mg/100 rnl, respectively). Chicks injected with 0.05 mg
carbimazole had the lowest average of serum inorganic phosphorus (4.25
mg/100 ml).
Treatments applied had highly significant effects on serum alkaline
phosphatase content. Injecting chicks with 0.15 jJg srtroxln significantly
increased serum alkaline phosphatase (227.75 mgl 100 ml) when compared
with other treatments applied and controls (181.88 rnq 1 100 mI). Serum
alkaline phosphatase decrease with increasing the level carbimazole
injection. Opposite results were observed in case of growth hormone
injection. Interval time had highly significant effects serum calcium. inorganic
phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase.
Treatments applied had highly significant effect on serum total lipids.
Serum total lipids increased with increasing the level of eltroxin. However,
opposite results were observed with either carbimazole and growth hormone.
Serum total lipids significantly increased with increasing chicks age.
Chicks injected with 0.15 mg carbimazole had the highest value of serum
cholesterol level (204.76 mg 1100 ml), while the lowest value was observed
in chicks injected with 0.15 Jig eltroxin (143.78 mg/100 ml) when compared
with birds of other treatments applied or controls (1Ei7.25 mg/100 ml). The
highest value of serum cholesterol level (188.02 mg / 100 ml) was observed
at the 6 th week of age when compared with the other two intervals.
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Injection timeand treatment applied had significant effect on both total
calcium absorption, calcium absorption/em lengthlhr or per gm dry matter.
injecting chicks with either 0.15 mg carbimazole or 0.15 I/g eltroxi n
significantly increased total calcium absorption (14.57 and 13.50 mglhr,
respectively) and caicium absorbed per (em) intestinal length (0.33 and 0.31
mg/cmlhr respectively). However, controis had significantly the lowest
average of calcium absorbed per (em) intestinal len~)th (0.26 mg/cmlhr).
Injecting chicks with 0.40 I.U. growth hormone significantly increased
the average of calcium absorbed per (gm) dry matter (4.64 mg/gm/hr).
Intestinal parts had highly significant effect on total calcium absorption
average. Ileum showed significantly the highest averages of total calcium
absorption (15.67 mglhr) _ absorbed/em intestinal length (0.39 mg/cmlhr) and
per each (gm) dry matter (6.5 mg/gm/hr) when compared with either
duodenum or jejunum.
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