الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out on a total number of 182 large ruminant; 94 cattle and 88 buffaloes in addition to 10 cattle and 10 buffaloes as a control group. Most of these cases were recorded during the field trips in Suez, Ismailia, Port Said, Damietta, Kafr-elsheikh, Alexandria, Giza, Cairo and Beni-swif provinces; some of them were recorded in the veterinary teaching hospital of faculty of veterinary medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. The collected cases were subjected to the following studies:
1- The case history.
2- Ferroscopic examination by using varieties of metal detectors.
3- Clinical examinations.
4- Radiographic examinations.
5- Surgical interference through laparo-rumenotomy.
6- Description of the collected foreign bodies.
7- Hematological analysis.
8- Biochemical analysis.
9- Ruminal juice analysis.
Results of the present study are concluded in the following:
• As a general rule, swallowed foreign bodies syndrome is age related disease and common in adult female lactating animals, either in pregnancy or in postpartum period, than in male and heifers. It has many types of complications. The most common types of complications in cattle and buffaloes are N.P.R.F., T.R., T.R.P., T.R.P.+P.A., T.R.P.+V.I., G.D.P., T.P. and D.H. Omasal and abomasal impaction and foreign body abscess are seldomly occurred. However, oesphageal obstruction, traumatic pneumonia, liver and splenic abscesses were not recorded in the present study.
• Animals suffering from N.P.R.F. were presented with a history of decrease food intake and slightly decrease in milk yield. Ferroscopic examination reveals positive results. The radiographic picture of such animals reveal presence of radio-opaque aggregated foreign bodies in two successive films. Hematological, biochemical and ruminal juice analysis revealed normal parameters with only decreased RBCs count and hypoglycemia. Prognosis of such cases is very good through laparorumenotomy operation.
• In case of T.R. affections; animals show decrease in milk yield and food intake with moderate appearance of signs of pain in the form of grunting in cattle and lacrimation or wrinkling of mouth commisure in buffaloes. Ferroscopic examination is satisfactory for diagnosis of presence of foreign bodies in the reticulum. Radiographic picture reveals presence of radio-opaque foreign bodies either in separated or aggregated manner. Hematological, biochemical analysis revealed significant decrease in RBCs count in buffaloes and significant decrease in serum albumin in cattle and buffaloes. Prognosis of such cases was very good through laparorumenotomy operation.
• T.R.P. affections are characterized by decrease in food intake and milk yield or even off-food and ceased milk production in few cases. Ferroscopic examination give satisfactory positive results. Few animals may show altered defecation in the form of diarrhea or constipation and abdominal distension is rarely detected in this type of affection. Ruminal juice analysis reveal altered ruminal odour and decrease protozoal motility to a limited extent. Hematological and biochemical analysis revealed significant decreased RBCs count, significant decreased serum albumin in buffaloes, significant increased globulins level and hypoglycaemia in cattle. Prognosis of such cases was good through laparorumenotomy operation unless omasal impaction with flaccid reticulo-omasal orifice was occurred.
• Animals suffered from T.R.P.+P.A. were presented with a history of decreased food intake and milk yield and few cattle showed cessation of milk production in addition to presence of signs of pain. However, ferroscopic examination revealed satisfactory positive results. Altered defecation was detected in few animals in the form of constipation or diarrhea. Alteration in odour and consistency of ruminal juice was evident in this affection. Hematological and biochemical analysis revealed significant decreased RBCs count, significant decreased serum albumin and significant increased globulins level in cattle. Prognosis of such cases was good through laparorumenotomy operation unless omasal impaction with flaccid reticulo-omasal orifice was occurred.
• Animals suffered from T.R.P.+V.I. were characterized by decreased food intake, decreased or even ceased milk yield and Presence of signs of pain. Rumination was absent in few animals while many animals were reluctant to move. Ferroscopic examination was not accurate in this type of affection. Scanty feces, diarrhea, melena and abdominal distension were the most prominent signs in such affection. Ruminal juice analysis revealed altered odour, consistency and severe decrease in protozoal motility. Hematological and biochemical picture revealed leucocytosis in cattle, significant increased globulins level in cattle, hypoglycemia and hypocalcaemia in cattle. Further investigations of such cases in buffaloes is needed. Prognosis of such cases is guarded and mainly depended upon the degree of vagus nerve affections.
• In cases of G.D.P., animals were presented with prominent signs of pain, cessation of milk production, decreased food intake and cessation of rumination, however few animals showing off-food. Ferroscopic examination revealed satisfactory positive results. Clinical examinations revealed significant increase in rectal temperature and highly significant increase in respiratory rate and tachycardia in addition to scanty defecation and melena. Decrease of protozoal motility of the ruminal juice in such animals was significant. Hematological and biochemical picture revealed leucocytosis, thrombocytosis, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia and significant decreases in serum zinc level. prognosis of such cases was bad unless early diagnosis with potent antibiotics treatment.
• Buffaloes suffering from D.H. were characterized by prominent signs of pain, off-food, decreased milk production, absence of rumination and reluctant movement. Ferroscopic examinations were not accurate in such affection. Radiography revealed characteristic appearance of the herniated part into the thoracic cavity. The most characteristic clinical signs in animals affected with D.H. are strong and muffled heart sound, altered defecation and recurrent tympany. Congestion of conjunctival blood vessels and abduction of elbow joint are seldomly detected. Hematological and biochemical picture revealed only hypophosphatemea.
• Animals suffering from T.P. were characterized by prominent signs of pain in cattle and buffaloes, off-food and ceased or decreased milk yield with or without decreased rumination and reluctant movement. The most prominent clinical signs were hyperthermia in cattle, muffled and weak heart rhythm in cattle and buffaloes, tachycardia and harried respiration in cattle and buffaloes, filling and pulsation of jugular vein in cattle and buffaloes, congestion of conjunctival blood vessels in cattle and buffaloes, altered defecation and abduction of elbow joint in cattle and buffaloes. However, brisket and submandibular oedema were more prominent in cattle than buffaloes. Ferroscopic examinations were not accurate in such affection. Radiography revealed characteristic appearance of the radio-opaque foreign bodies at the heart level or total loss of thoracic details. Hematological and biochemical picture revealed significant decrease in RBCs count, leucocytosis and thrombocytosis in cattle, decrease in serum albumin in buffaloes, increased serum globulins level in cattle, increases in serum AST and CK activities in buffaloes, significant decreases in serum zinc level and hypophosphatemea in cattle.