الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aimed to first, isolate the most common bacterial pathogens causing respiratory disease in sheep second, to study the
hematological, biochemical, immunological and histopathological
changes associated with the disease. The study was carried out on fifty
female Barki ewes (2-4 years) in different areas in Matrouh governorate
in the period between 16th of December 2011 till 30th of May 2012.
For bacteriological examination, 50 nasal swabs were collected
from apparently healthy (20) Barki ewes and respiratory-distressed (30)
Barki ewes with typical respiratory manifestations (20 from sporadic
cases in different cities in Matrouh governorate and 10 from slaughter
house showing signs of respiratory distress). Swabs were sent
immediately to the laboratory with minimum of delay. Samples were
cultivated under aseptic condition into different media for selective
isolation of different bacteria. Then, pure cultures from isolates were
further investigated for the occurrence of bacterial pathogens by full
morphological and biochemical identification.
Blood samples were collected from both groups. The blood
samples were divided into three parts. The first part (1ml) was collected
on disodium ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) for hemogram. The
second part (1ml) was collected on heparin (20 IU/ ml), was centrifuged
and plasma was separated and sent within few hours to laboratory for
measuring plasma values of fibrinogen and bicarbonate (Hco3). The third
part (8ml) was placed in a plain centrifuge tubes for separation of serum.
Serum samples were divided into aliquots in Epindorf tubes and the tubes
were stored at -20ºC until assayed for the rest biochemical parameters.
Summary
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For histopathology, lung tissues were collected from slaughtered
animals at abattoir and were sectioned in the plane that best demonstrate
the lesions. Sections of adjacent grossly uninvolved tissue were also
collected.
The parameters measured included , hemogram [red blood cell
count (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume
(PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin
(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) , total
leukocytic (TLC) and differential leukocytic counts], biochemical
parameters [ total protein (TP), albumin (Alb) , globulin, A/G ratio,
calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (iP), potassium (K), sodium (Na),
Chloride (Cl), bicarbonate (Hco3) blood urea , creatinine and serum
enzymatic activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate
amino transferase (AST)]. Acute phase response was assessed by
measuring plasma concentration of fibrinogen and qualitative detection of
serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations by Latex agglutination
test (LA).
The results implicated that the most common bacterial pathogens isolated from both apparently healthy and respiratory-disease affected
ewes included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus,
Shigella, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella
hemolytica, Haemophilus somnus and Enterobacter with the high
incidence was recorded for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus
aureus at percentages of 48% and 44% respectively.