الفهرس 
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Abstract
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VI • SUlOlARY
Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions
in plant protection Dept. and under field conditions in
the experiment station of the faculty of Agricultur ~
Moshtohor, Zagazig University.
Kena! Hibiscus cannabinus variety Giza 3 was used
to study the side effect of Borne insectioides (endrin,
dimethoa te, mephosfolan, profenofos, chlorpyrifoa,
methomyl, cypermethrin and fenvalerate.
A soil free to a large extent from pesticide residues
was used in the laboratory experiments.
Four insecticides were used under laboratory conditions
to study the side effect of soil polluted by the
above insecticides on germination, root and stem growth
and on the chemical contents of kenai plants.
The above insecticides were used at the rate of
10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm, as active ingredient.
Treated soils were placed in pots and were cultivated
with 10 seeds of kenaf. Each pot was irrigated with 75%
of soil field capacity. The pots were weighed every two
days and the loss in water was compensated. After 10
days the percentage of germ.tnation was recorded. After
30 days the root and stem length were measured. Also
the symptoms of damage to pla.nts were re corded. Por
0’.
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chlorophyll and carotenoids determinations 0.4 gm.
samples from the leaves were used. Samples were extracted
by grinding in 85% aqueous acetone and a small
amount of Os. C03 were added to acetone solution before
grinding. The total chloroplast pigments were ditermined
by spectrophotorD3ter. The chloropla at pigments were
calculated according to the equations mentioned by Arnon
1949 and Abdel-Haffez 1981.
Total phosphorous, potassium, total sugars (reducing
and non reducing sugars), and total nitrogen were also
determined.
Under field conditions, kenaf was cultivated in .
plots 1/200 feddan. The area consisted of nine treatments
with three replicam for each.
Dimethoate, profenofos, chlorpyrifos, mephospholan,
endrin, methomyl, cypermethrin and fenvalerate were
tested at the rate of 1.0 kg, 2.0 kg, 2.1 kg, 2.25 kg.,
3.75 kg, 1.35 kg, 0.3 kg, and 0.6 kg active ingredient
respectively. Plants were treated with insecticides
just before presowing irrigation. The standard agricultural
treatments were followed.
After 9 weeks, samples were taken to measure root
and stem length. Also the symptoms of insecticide
damage on plants were recorded.
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Same methods used before to deterBine chlorophyll,
phosphorous, potass1um,total sugars and total nitrogen
were conducted in field experiments.
After the crop maturity the straw and seeds were
weighed.
Results indicated that endrin, profenofos, methomyl
and chlorpyrifos decreased the percentage of germination.
Generally all the above insecticides decreased root growth
Dwarfing was evident in all treatments. Chlorpyrifos and
methomyl were the most harmful insecticides tested for
root and stem growth. Endrin was the only insecticide
which increased the stem length at all concentrations
tested. Profenofos seems to be less effective than
methomyl and chlorpyrifos. The phytotoxic effects appeared
clearly in the methomyl treatments.
It appeared in the form as deleterious effects on
the green parts. It took the form of a marginal browning
of the edges of plant leaves.
Chlorpyrif’os retarted the appearance of the 4th.
and 5!!!. leaf. Endrin increased chlorophyll.!!.and .2
at all concentrations testedo Metho~l and chlorpyrlfos
decreased chlorophyll ~ and ~’ while profenofos increased
chlorophyll k and decreased chlorophyll ~ at doses more
than 60 ppm.
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Methomyl and chlorpyrifos also reduced carotenoida
at all concentrationsteated, while endrin increased
carotenoids only at doses more than 20 pp~.
Low doses of profenofos (less than 40 ppm) increased
carotenoids.
All insecticides tested increased the total soluble
sugars except the high doses of chlorpyrifoB (up 40 ppm).
While endrin increased the reducing BUgar, it inhibited
the non reducing sugar at all concentrations tested.
Methomyl was the only insecticide Which increased
both reducing and non-reducing sugar.
Profenofos increased the redUcing and non-reducing
sugar only at high and low dosages only, while at 20-60
ppm the sugar content was inhibited ChlorpyrifoB
increased the reducing sugar at high and low dosages
while the same dosages decreased the non-reducing sugar.
Endrin at all concentrations reduced the nitrogen
contents. Chlorpyrifos at all concentrations tested
increased nitrogen. Low concentration of methomyl and
high concentrations of profenofos increased nitrogen
content.
All insecticides tested at all concentrations increased
potasium content except low doses (10-20 ppm) of
methomyli