الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Childhood obesity has more than tripled in the past 30 years.The prevalence of obesity among children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 6.5% in 1980 to 19.6% in 2008. The prevalence of obesity in all age groups has increased dramatically over the past 30years, such that overweight and obesity are considered to be a major public health concern in many countries.Body Mass Index (BMI) is generally agreed to be the most appropriate proxy measure for defining and diagnosis childhood obesity.Obesity can only occur when energy intake remains greater than energy expenditure for a long period of time.Obesity is associated with physical problems, such as hypertension, coronary arteriosclerosis, elevated cholesterol, type 2diabetes,joint problems and certain types of cancers. Psychologically it is associated with several problems, such as decreased self-image,anxiety and depression, which are related to somatic and psychological symptoms. Therefore, identification and management of obesity must start during childhood and adolescence.As recommended by American Academy of pediatrics,