الفهرس 
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Abstract
Part Ι: Introduction
This part involves a general introduction on the chemistry, classification, mechanism of action, metabolism, structure and the physicochemical characters of the studied drugs.
Part ΙΙ: Literature Review
This part includes different reported methods for the analysis of the mentioned drugs.
Part ΙΙΙ: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods, Using Derivative Technique
This part is divided into two sections.
Section A: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in Presence of Its Degradates, Using Derivative Technique
This section involves stability-indicating methods used for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline and oxidative- degradates, based on the use of derivative spectrophotometric technique, where the first (D1), second (D2) derivative were adopted for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline-degradate while the third (D3) derivative was utilized for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its both alkaline and oxidative-degradates.
The peak amplitudes were measured at 229.0nm and 248.6nm for (D1), (D2) in presence of the alkaline-degradate and measured at 239.3nm and 244.8nm for (D3) in presence of the alkaline and oxidative-degradates, respectively.
The proposed derivative spectrophotometric methods were applied for the analysis of Citalopram Hydrobromide in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative-degradate and in the pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the adopted methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the utilized spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Section B: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Aripiprazole in Presence of Its Degradates, Using Derivative Technique
This section involves stability-indicating methods used for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline and oxidative-degradates, based on the use of derivative spectrophotometric technique.
The second derivative (D2) was adopted for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline-degradate while Aripiprazole could be determined in presence of its oxidative-degradate by application of (D2) and (D3) derivative techniques.
The peak amplitudes were measured at 232.3nm for (D2) in presence of the alkaline-degradate while at 294.0nm and 296.3nm in presence of the oxidative- degradate for (D2) and (D3), respectively.
The proposed derivative spectrophotometric methods were applied for the analysis of Aripiprazole in pure form; laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative-degradate and also were applied for determination of the mentioned drug in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Aripiprazole in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Part ΙV: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods, Using Derivative Ratio Technique
This part is divided into three sections.
Section A: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in Presence of Its Degradates, Using Derivative Ratio Technique
This section involves stability-indicating methods used for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline and oxidative-degradates, based on the use of first derivative ratio spectrophotometric technique (DR1). Citalopram Hydrobromide could be determined in presence of its alkaline- degradate by dividing the spectrum of the intact by the spectrum of (10.0µgml-1) of its alkaline-degradate, while in presence of its oxidative-degradate , it could be determined by dividing the spectrum of the intact drug by (4.0µgml-1) of its oxidative-degradate spectrum.
The peak amplitudes of (DR1) were recorded at 225.0nm, using (10.0µgml-1) of its alkaline-degradate as a divisor and recorded at 234.0nm, using (4.0µgml-1) of its oxidative-degradate as a divisor.
The proposed derivative ratio spectrophotometric methods were applied for the analysis of Citalopram Hydrobromide in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative- degradates and also in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed derivative ratio methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Section B: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Aripiprazole in Presence of Its Degradates, Using Derivative Ratio Technique
This section involves stability-indicating methods used for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline and oxidative-degradates, based on the use of first derivative ratio spectrophotometric technique (DR1).
Aripiprazole could be determined in presence of its alkaline-degradate by dividing the spectrum of the intact drug by (10.0µgml-1) of its alkaline-degradate spectrum, while in presence of its oxidative-degradate , it could be determined by dividing the spectrum of the intact by the spectrum of (10.0µgml-1) of its oxidative- degradate.
The peak amplitudes of (DR1) were recorded at 250.4nm, using (10.0µgml-1) of its alkaline-degradate as a divisor and recorded at 251.8nm, using (10.0µgml-1) of its oxidative-degradate as a divisor.
The proposed derivative ratio spectrophotometric methods were applied for the analysis of Aripiprazole in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative-degradate and also in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed derivative ratio methods was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Aripiprazole in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Section C: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in Presence of Its Impurities, Using Derivative Ratio Technique
This section involves a derivative ratio spectophotometric method used for determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in presence of its impurities, Quetiapine N-oxide and Desethanol Quetiapine, based on the use of double divisor ratio spectra derivative method (DDRD).
Quetiapine Fumarate could be determined in presence of its two impurities by dividing the spectrum of the intact drug by the spectra of the double divisor (4.0µgml-1 Quetiapine N-oxide and 4.0µgml-1 Desethanol Quetiapine).
The peak amplitude of DDRD method was recorded at 225.2nm and the proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of Quetiapine Fumarate in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of Quetiapine Fumarate with its impurities and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Part V: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods, Using pH-Induced Difference Technique
This part is divided into 2 sections.
Section A: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in Presence of Its Alkaline-Degradate, Using pH-Induced Difference Technique
This section involves stability-indicating method used for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline-degradate, based on the use of first derivative of pH- induced difference spectrophotometric method (DD1).
The peak amplitudes of (DD1) were recorded and measured at 241.3nm for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline-degradate.
The proposed pH- induced difference spectrophotometric method was applied for the analysis of Citalopram Hydrobromide in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline- degradate and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric methods were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Section B: Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Aripiprazole in Presence of Its Alkaline-Degradate, Using pH- Induced Difference Technique
This section involves stability-indicating method used for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline-degradate, based on the use of first derivative of pH- induced difference spectrophotometric method (DD1).
The peak amplitudes of (DD1) were recorded and measured at 257.9nm for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline-degradate.
The proposed pH- induced difference spectrophotometric method was applied for the analysis of Aripiprazole in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline-degradate and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the utilized method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed spectrophotometric method were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Aripiprazole in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Part VΙ: Stability-Indicating Methods, Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique
This part is divided into 3sections.
Section A: Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in Presence of Its Degradates, Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique
This section includes an HPLC technique used for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in presence of its alkaline and oxidative-degradates based on the separation on C18 column, using acetonitrile: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, pH 3.5 (30:70, v/v), as stationary and mobile phases and UV detection at 239nm.
The proposed HPLC method was applied for the determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative-degradate and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed chromatographic method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed method were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Citalopram Hydrobromide in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Citalopram Hydrobromide could be determined in spiked human plasma, where, high extraction efficiency was obtained without interference from endogenous substances present in the plasma.
Section B: Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Aripiprazole in Presence of Its Degradates, Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique
In this section a new HPLC technique used for determination of Aripiprazole in presence of its alkaline and oxidative-degradates based on the separation on C18 column, using acetonitrile: 0.05M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, pH3 (40:60, v/v) as stationary and mobile phases and UV detection at 217nm.
The proposed chromatographic method was applied for the analysis of Aripiprazole in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its alkaline or oxidative-degradate and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed HPLC method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed method were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Aripiprazole in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Also, Aripiprazole could be determined in spiked human plasma where, high extraction efficiency was obtained without interference from endogenous substances present in the plasma.
Section C: Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in Presence of Its Impurities, Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Technique
This section includes an HPLC technique used for determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in presence of its two impurities; Quetiapine N-oxide and Desethanol Quetiapine, using C18 Column, acetonitrile: 0.02M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, pH 4.6: methanol (50:30:20, v/v) as stationary and mobile phases and UV detection at 220nm.
The proposed HPLC method was applied for the analysis of Quetiapine Fumarate in pure form, laboratory prepared mixtures containing different ratios of the intact drug with its two impurities and in pharmaceutical preparation. The validity of the proposed HPLC method was assessed by applying the standard addition technique.
The obtained results by the proposed method were statistically compared with the manufacturer method for determination of Quetiapine Fumarate in the pharmaceutical preparation.
Part VΙΙ: References
This thesis refers to 199 references, contains (72 tables and 77 figures) and ends with an Arabic summary.