الفهرس 
Urinary SystemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 442 |  |  |
| | | from | 442 | | |
Abstract
The neonatal period is the first four weeks subsequent to birth. It is a stressful period of transition from a warm, dark, fluid - filled environment to an outside world filled with light, sound, and novel tactile stimuli. Neonatal care has undergone many changes and the advent of new technologies has created a broader universe for newborn care. Advancements in intensive care in recent decades have enabled better survival of full spectrum of newborns ranging from extremely premature infants, to high-risk and critically ill babies, to less critically ill babies who are recovering and maturing. The management of neonates at NICU is based on various modalities of support and application of fundamental principles of neonatal care. To obtain the desired results, special nursing care for neonates should be provided by a knowledgeable, skillful and competent decision maker. In order to ascertain the provision of optimal care, standards of nursing care must be established.