الفهرس 
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Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma is a disease which exhibits a characteristic optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible damage of the ganglion cell layer , nerve fiber layer of the retina, death of optic nerve axons and leading to cupping of the optic nerve head and visual field loss.
Increased intra ocular pressure is ~ne 6rl~the main risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy, but it is not diagnostic as some patients have glaucoma changes without rise of intra ocular pressure and we call it normal tension glaucoma. Some other people have elevated intra ocular pressure without glaucomatous changes and we call it ocular hypertension.
The visual field study is not effective in early diagnosis of glaucoma as the retinal nerve fiber layer defect precede visual field loss which necessitates lose of 30-50% of retinal ganglion cells and it is irreversible.
Investigators are trying to find better techniques for early detection of glaucoma:-
-Perimetry
- Stereoscopic optic nerve head photography .
..i” Retinal thiclmess analyzer (RTA).
- Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy(CSLO) or Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT).
- Optical coherence tomography (OCT)”
.- Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP)