الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
SarcocystisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY
Sarcosporidiosis:
Different species of ruminant animals were studied for sarcocystis infection in Qena Governorate.
a- Cattle sarcosporidiosis:
Studies on sarcosporidiosis infection in cattle showed that the incidence was 68.9% which is lower than the infestation rate among buffaloes but the rate was approximately equal to that of sheep and higher than those of camel and goat.
Histological examination of Sarcocystis species cattle revealed the presence of two species. The first one possed smooth and thin cyst wall. The second species has a very thick and radially striated cyst wall.
The first group were identified as S. cruzi (S. bovicanis), the second group were identified a S. hirsute (S. bovi felis) and/or S. hominis (S. bovi hominis).
The prevalence of S. cruzi was much higher than that of S. hirsute and/or S. hominis.
The present investigation showed that there was a seasonal variation, where there was a higher incidence during Spring and Autumn.
The oesophagus was found to be the common site of infestation.
The present work revealed that there is increase in prevalence with age.
b- Water buffaloes sarcosporidiosis:
The obtained results showed that buffaloes possessed the highest infestation rate among different ruminant animals as it was found to be 91.3%.
Macroscopic S. fusiformis cysts and microscopic S. levinei were recovered in buffaloes. The incidence of infestation with both species in buffaloes under two years old and over 2 years old was 90% and 94% respectively.
The incidence of S. fusiformis infestation in both groups of animals was found to be 30% and 88% respectively.
Dog only act as final host of S. levinei.
Cat act as final host of S. fusiformis.
No significant difference between the districts of Qena Governorate in incidence of infestation due to high infestation rate.
Also, no significance difference between incidence of infestation all over the years approximately all seasons equal in the incidence of infection with Sarcocystis cysts.
c- Camel sarcosporidiosis:
Studies on camel sarcosporidiosis revealed that the incidence was 48.7%. Only microscopic Sarcocystis cysts were found to infest camels. Macroscopic cysts failed detection in all examined animals. The present investigation revealed that there was a seasonal variations with a very characteristic increase in autumn and decrease in winter. Such seasonal variations were also noticed among camels of both sexes.
The relation between age of camels and degree of infestation revealed that the older animals showed higher rate of infestation than younger ones.
Concerning the incidence of microscopic S. cameli in different organs of camels. It was found that the rate of infestation in a decreasing order was the oesophagus followed by diaphragm, skeletal muscles, heart and tongue, respectively. Examination of camel’s meat with the help of trichinoscopical and digestion techniques revealed that the digestion technique is the best method for detection of S. cameli cysts. Semithin section revealed that the cysts had thick and radially striated cyst wall only dogs acted as the final host of S. cameli.
d- Sheep sarcosporidiosis:
Studies on Sarcocystis infection among sheep revealed that the overall infection rate was 65.6% among microscopic Sarcocystis, whereas that of macroscopic cysts was 2.8%.
The present investigation showed that there was a seasonal variation where there was a high incidence during Summer and Autumn.
It was found that the heart muscles were the most common site of infestation.
Histologically examination revealed the presence of one microscopic species with smooth, thin cyst wall in different organs of sheep carcasses.
e- Goat sarcosporidiosis:
Studies on Sarcocystis infestation among goats revealed that the overall infestation rate was 40.4%.
The diagnostic technique used for detection of Sarcocystis cyst was the use of compressorium.
The present work showed that the oesophagus was the most common site of infestation.
Histopathology:
Histological examination revealed:
1- An intense lymphocytic reaction.
2- Focal lymphocytes aggregations around the degenerated muscle fibers with considerable degree of myolysis.
3- Eosinophilic granulomatous myositis, the granuloma had caseous eosiniphilic center surrounded by a zone of eosinophils and fibrous connective tissue and associated with Sarcocystis in the muscles.
4- Semithin sections revealed that buffalo cysts had thinner wall, packed with banana shaped cystazoites and defined vacules.
Camel Sarcocystis had relatively thick, striated wall, packed with banana shaped cystozoites and less vacules.
Linguatula serrata
During 2011, mesenteric lymph nodes of 1170 slaughtered herbivorous animals (120 camels, 220 goats, 420 cattle, 250 water buffaloes and 160 goats) collected from Qena abattoirs and weekly market.
Lymph nodes were examined for the nymphs of Linguatula serrata. The present study reveals; the highest infection rate was present in camels 7.51% followed by goats 5.91%, cattle 1.67%, buffaloes 2.4% and sheep 2.5%.
The number of L. serrata nymph that recovered from a single lymph node in different examined animals was ranged from 1-13 nymphs per single lymph node. The maximum number of L. serrata nymphs were 13 recovered from camel lymph nodes followed by goats 11 and cattle 6, the minimum number were recovered from buffaloes and sheep.
Dealing with seasonal variation, in camels the highest infection rate was observed in Winter 13.33% and the lowest in Summer 3.45%.
In cattle and sheep, the highest infection rates were 4% and 5.13% in Summer and Autumn, while zero in Winter and Spring, buffaloes 5% in Summer, zero in Spring.
Morphologically, nymphal stage were measured as whole length breadth, hooks.
Mesenteric lymph nodes of camels and goats were applied with present of cross section of intact or dead nymph of L. serrata present inside lymph nodes.
Trichinella spiralis in camel
Examination of meat samples (pillar of diaphragm from camel) in Qena Governorate revealed the complete absence of T. spiralis. The techniques adopted were trichinoscopical, the trypsin digestion and paraffin embedding techniques.