الفهرس 
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Abstract
There are two major categories of vascular anomalies: tumors (lesions that arise by endothelial hyperplasia) and malformations (lesions that arise by dysmorphogenesis and exhibit normal endothelial turnover).
Hemangioma is the most commen vascular tumour. It is a lesion that grows rapidly in early infancy and is characterized by endothelial proliferation and invariably undergoes slow regression. They affect females three times more frequently than males.These lesions are not present at birth but appear within the first few months of life with rapid neonatal growth of the lesion. Cutaneous lesions develop either a typical ”strawberry” appearance or a bluish hue (”deep bruise” appearance). (MRI) is diagnostic .
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a histologically benign tumor that has local invasions. It is a vascularized lesion without any capsule.Almost seen in males, around the adolescence age groups. Unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis are the most common symptoms, occurring in more than 80% of patients. Both CT and MR images should be acquired and clinical staging made on the basis of this data.Angiography and embolization is advised for that undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection and for those with intracranial extension.
Sinonasl hemangiopericytoma (HPC) arises from pericapillary cells or pericytes of Zimmerman and can occur anywhere capillaries are found. Approximate 15 to 25% of HPs occur in the head and neck region, and only 5% of these occur in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Wide local excision is the treatment of choice.
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia or OslerWeber- Rendu syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition. There is a deficiency of the muscle or elastic tissue in the wall of the blood vessels. The four separate Curaçao criteria are spontaneous recurrent nosebleeds; mucocutaneous telangiectasia and Visceral involvement such as gastrointestinal involvement; and a first degree relative affected according to these criteria. Management involves packing, cautery, antifibrinolytics, systemic or topical oestrogens, coagulative lasers, septal dermoplasty, ligation and embolization and, as a last resort, permanent surgical closure of the nostrils.