الفهرس 
Acute kidney injuryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has emerged as a major public health problem that affects millions of patients worldwide and leads to decreased survival and increased progression of underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recent consensus criteria for definition and classification of AKI have provided more consistent estimates of AKI epidemiology. Patients, in particular those in the ICU, are dying of AKI and not just simply with AKI. Even small changes in serum creatinine concentrations are associated with a substantial increase in the risk of death (Singbartl and Kellum, 2012). In response to the lack of a standard definition and classification system for AKI and to achieve comparability of study findings and to establish consensus clinical diagnostic criteria, the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative group developed the RIFLE (R: renal risk, I: injury, F: failure, L: Loss and E: ESRD) classification (Haase et al., 2011). The major aim of such a system would be to bring one of the major intensive care syndromes (acute kidney injury, AKI) to a standard of definition and a level of classification similar to that achieved by two other common ICU syndromes (sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS) (Kellum et al., 2007). The Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) has proposed a modified version of the RIFLE system to further refine the classification of AKI (Thomas et al., 2011). Both current AKI staging systems (RIFLE and AKIN) rely on urine output and change in sCr (Lane, 2011).