الفهرس 
CHAPTER (ONE): INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Any object, natural or man-made, undergoes changes in space and time.Deformation refers to the changes a deformable body undergoes in it is shape, dimension, and position. Since the results of deformation surveys are directly relevant to the safety of human life and engineering surveying, recently deformation analysis has become more important. Deformation, loosely speaking,is the alteration of form and shape.Deformation analysis is the procedure for determining displacements of assumed stable points and determining significant displacements in geodetic networks. The aim of geodetic deformation analysis is the detection ; localization and modeling of point movements in multiply measured networks in order to quickly and specifically initiate constructional or geotechnical safety measures. The adequateness of the actions depends essentially on the quality of the measurements and analysis techniques and on the suitable consideration of all uncertainties. In the deformation studies, geodetic observations are repeated at different epochs of time. The observations of each epoch are adjusted independently. from coordinate differences between the epochs, the parameters of the deformation model are estimated and conclusions on the object deformations are drawn.The conventional deformation analysis is managed in three steps in geodetic networks. In the first step, the measurements, carried out in t1 and t2 measurement epochs, are adjusted separately according to free adjustment method; outliers and systematic errors are detected and eliminated in this step. In the second step, global test procedure is carried out and by this test it is ensured that if the network points, assumed as stable, stayed really stable in the Dt = t2 – t1 time interval or not. In the global test, after the free adjustment calculations of the networks (epochs) separately, the combined free adjustment is applied to both epoch measurements. During the combined free adjustment computation, the positions of the assumed stable points, are given as one-single.