الفهرس 
I INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Domestic violence is a serious public health problem that affects the health and well-being of millions of women and families throughout the world. While the risk factors vary across cultures, similar consequences have been observed globally, ranging from physical to psychological health problems. Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of physical, sexual and psychological abuse by a person with whom the victim has had an intimate relationship. Domestic violence negatively affects children, even when they are not the primary recipient of the abuse. In fact, children who witness domestic violence experience emotional and developmental problems. The present study was conducted with the purpose of assessing different forms of violence that women are exposed to by their partners and to explore consequences of domestic violence on women’ and their children’ health. The study was conducted at Abo- El Souad family health center located in Maser EL Kadima. This area is famous for drug abuse, poverty, illiteracy and high morbidity rate, also the center is near from the investigator place of work. It includes a variety of medical specialties such as (antenatal, family planning, pediatric medicine, immunization, emergency, adult medicine, and dental clinic). This center is considered a self contained unit as which includes; pharmacy, laboratory, educational kitchen, family files room, and dental rehabilitation lab, and also applied family medicine system. Sample collected from three clinics in the center (antenatal, family planning, and adult medicine) as those clinics considered as having great flow rate of women. The average number of women attending these clinics (antenatal, family planning, adult medicine) was 2013 at previous year of data collection. 10% of that numbers of women attending those clinics will be included in the study. ( 200 women). Data was collected using two tools designed by the investigator & tested for validity and reliability: the first tool was a structured interviewing questionnaire. It included: demographic data, data about consequences of domestic violence: which contain two parts; part1: consequences of violence on women’ health physically and psychologically. Part 2: consequences of witnessing violence on children’ health psychologically and behaviorally. The second tool was three levels likert scale to collect data about different forms of domestic violence: which have three parts; part1: common forms of physical violence. Part 2: common forms of sexual violence. Part 3: common forms of psychological violence. Both tools were designed and developed after an extensive review of literature. Modifications to the tool were made after the conduction of a pilot study on 10% of the sample, to test the clarity of questions, the content of the instrument and to identify the potential problems that may arise during the study. The study revealed some factors which are significantly associated with occurrence of domestic violence against women. These factors were: education, occupation, duration of marriage, number of children and young age of both partners. Another important finding of this study that psychological violence was the highest prevalent form of violence against women (79%), and psychological consequences was the highest prevalent consequences on women’ health (31%), also it has the highest prevalent consequences on children’ health (15%). Regarding to different forms of psychological violence, majority of the study sample (86.5%) was verbally bothered by words, followed by (63.5%) threatened to be divorced or marry another lady, (62.5%) doesn’t respected or listen to their opinion, (59%) insulted in front of others, (58.5%) blamed on every thing happening, (57.5%), and (57%) threaten to be isolated from the family and friends. In relation to different forms of physical violence, it was found that, the most significant form of physical violence against women by their partners was beaten by hand (79.5%), followed by (68%) throwing objects at woman, (59%) pulling hair, (58%) beaten during pregnancy, and (57%) was beaten by the leg. As regards to different forms of sexual violence, majority of the study sample ( 81.5%) mentioned forced to have sex against their well with their partners, Followed by (68.5%) was practicing sex violently. As regards to consequences of domestic violence on women’ health, the current study showed that the highest prevalent consequences was psychological consequences (31%), followed by (16.5%) physical consequences. As regards to consequences of domestic violence against women on their physical health, the present results revealed that, more than one quarter of the sample were having different scars & bruises over their bodies, and (12%), (7%) was having vaginal bleeding and abortion during pregnancy respectively. As regards to consequences of domestic violence against women on their psychological health the current study revealed that, (79.5%) of the total sample suffered from nervousness, followed by (56.5%) suffered from depression, (52.5%) suffered from insomnia, and (50.5%) unable to perform work required. As regards to consequences of witnessing domestic violence against women on their children, the current study revealed that, the highest prevalent consequences was psychological consequences ( 15%), followed by behavioral consequences (13%). As regards to consequences of witnessing domestic violence against women on their children psychological health as reported by the studied sample, ( 50.4%) of the total children tended to be isolated, followed by (49%) had poor academic achievement, (32.8%) suffered from lack of self confidence, (31%) suffered from sleep problems, and (29.7%) had wet bed. As regards to consequences of witnessing domestic violence against women on children behavior as reported by the studied sample, ( 48%) of the total children were imitate their fathers in the violent way, followed by (41.5%) was nervousness, (32%) aggressive with their friends at school, and (2%) attempted to suicide. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that, psychological violence was the highest prevalent form of violence against women, and psychological consequences was the highest prevalent consequences on women’ health, also it has the highest prevalent consequences on children’ health. The study revealed some factors which are significantly associated with occurrence of domestic violence against women. These factors were: education, occupation, duration of marriage, number of children and young age of both partners. Psychological consequences resulting from domestic violence against women is the most damaging consequences on women’ and children’ health. All efforts should be directed toward minimizing this problem and help those victims to repair what had been broken inside them. Nurses are in a good position for early detection, prevention and intervention of such problems either in health units, clinics, hospitals, or during home visiting. Community health nurse is in a unique position to address the health needs of women who are exposed to violence and initiates health education programs with the aim of raise public awareness that domestic violence against women is not acceptable and has a negative impact on the health and well-being of women and their children. Her role also includes providing health services and counseling for abused women and children who are integrated into existing maternal and child health services, providing health education to all family members about the importance of education for both boys and girls. Proper communication to children on positive attitude to enable them to control outbreaks of anger and negative emotions to help them to form relationships in the future safe and sound. More studies should be conducted on a larger scale about the magnitude and prevalence of domestic violence and how to manage it. Conclusion Based on the findings and research questions of the present study, it can be concluded that, psychological violence was the highest prevalent form of violence against women, and psychological consequences was the highest prevalent consequences on women’ health, also it has the highest prevalent consequences on children’ health. the study revealed some factors which are significantly associated with occurrence of domestic violence against women. These factors were: education, occupation, duration of marriage, number of children and young age of both partners.