الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 131 |  |  |
| | | from | 131 | | |
Abstract
Breast cancer is a cancer that forms in the tissues of the breast usually the ducts and lobules, world wide it is the most common form of cancer in female and the second most common cause of death on women and its incidence still to increase. Psychological distress is a significant problem faced by women with breast cancer. Patient’s subjective view of their current physical, social, emotional and cognitive function as well as psychological parameters of fear and body image and attitudes towards the cosmetic results of surgical treatment is very important. So, type of surgery women received is identified as a significant variable that affect psychological well being especially body image.
Surgery is the oldest means of treating breast cancer it has been used in every age of history, operations has been devised, discarded, rediscovered, changed and abundant again in seemingly endless fashion. Thirty five years ago mastectomy was only accepted surgical option for breast cancer treatment, this type of surgery modified to less radical forms and named modified radical mastectomy, then simple mastectomy.
However, there has been much change since then in surgical management due to improvement in technology and the ability to detect smaller tumors, the findings that more radical surgery didn’t improve survival, and wishes to perform less mutilating surgery. As a result of this changes and increase concerns about women psychological well being forms of mastectomy fells out of favor and breast preservation followed by adjuvant radiation therapy have become the accepted form of breast surgery that provides an alternative to mastectomy that lessens the effect on body image.