الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
A total number of 900 buffalo-calves at Sohag governorate were
used in this study. These animals were belonged to different villages
(Nagaa-Taraman,Wanina-El Sharkia and Nazlet Haredy-Tahta shark) at
both summer and winter seasons.
In each village and at the same season 60 animals, were clinically
and laboratory healthy, divided into 6 groups according to ages (1-3
months, 3-6 months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months, 12-15 months, and 15-18
months). 90 animals were suffering from the clinical signs of zinc
deficiency and divided into 6 groups according to their ages.
- The obtained clinical signs were observed and recorded. Samples from
soil, water and feed stuffs were collected from different localities of
studied areas.The samples were used for the estimation of some trace
elements and calcium.The unsaturated fatty acids were estimated only in
feed stuffs of animals.
- Two blood samples were collected from each animal, one with EDTA
and the other for obtaining clear blood serum. These samples were used
for leucogram picture ,Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, SOD, Vit.C and IgG . Well known
international techniques were used for the determinations.
- Trace minerals level (Zinc, copper and iron) and calcium in the soil,
water and animal food were estimated which showed that zinc
concentration in barseem hegazi of Wanina-El Sharkia samples was
under sufficient limit and calcium concentration of the same samples was
over sufficient limit while iron concentration in both barseem and green
fodder of Nazlt Haredy-Tahta shark samples was over sufficient limit.
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- The various feed stuffs given to animals at the three studied areas
showed prominent decrease in the values of most types of the
unsaturatd fatty acids.
- Heamatological picture of total and differential leucocytic counts
showed an increase in the total WBCs count in diseased animals at
different ages in both seasons summer and winter except in Nagaa-
Taraman insignificant change were found at age 9-12 months age and
in Nazlet Haredy at both 3-6 months and 9-12 months when compared
with healthy ones.
- The differential leucocytic count showed the presence of significant
increase in mature neutrophils percent in diseased animals at different
ages in the three villages. Except in Nagaa-Taraman insignificant
change were found at age 1-3 months and 12-15 months in winter
while 1-3 months and 15-18 months in summer.And in Wanina El
Sharkia at age of 3-6 months in winter while in Nazlet Haredy at age of
1-3 months in both summer and winter. On the contrary the
lymphocytic percent was decreased in diseased animals at different
ages in the three villages except in Nagaa-Taraman no change occurred
at age 1-3 months in both seasons and Nazlet Haredy at age 1-3 months
and 12-15 months in winter and 1-3 months and 15-18 months in
summer.
- Band neutrophils percent were increased in Naga-Taraman at ages 1-3
months, 6-9 months, 9-12 months and 12-15 months in winter while in
Wanina El Sharkia at ages 9-12 months in winter and 6-9 months, 9-12
months and 12-15 months in summer.
- Eosinophils percent were increased in Nagaa-Taraman only at age 9-12
months in winter while in Wanina El Sharkia only increased at age 3-6
months in summer.
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- The diseased calves manifested significant decrease in zinc, superoxide
dismutase ,vit. C and immunoglobulin IgG in the three villages..
-In healthy calves zinc levels were higher in winter season compared with
summer, and higher among younger calves when compared with the
older ones.