الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ketoprofen (KP) is considered as a member of the non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which are used in the treatment of several rheumatic disorders as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and a variety of other acute and chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Like other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chronic administration of this drug causes several side effects, like inflammation, bleeding, and ulceration of the stomach. The problems associated with the frequent administration of this drug could be solved using certain vesicular drug delivery systems like proniosomes and microspheres.The objective ofthis study is to formulate and evaluate proniosomes and microspheres containing ketoprofen as drug delivery systems to improve the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. The present study was performed in two parts and each part includes two chapters as following:Part (I)Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen-Loaded Proniosomes As a Topical Drug Delivery System.Chapter (l)Preparation, In-Vitro Evaluation and Optimization of Ketoprofen-Loaded Proniosomal Formulations.1. Proniosomal formulations were prepared with a series of sorbitan mono- esters (Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, and Span 80) and sorbitan tri-oleate (Span 85), with or without cholesterol (Chol) and charged lipids like stearylamine (SA) or dicetylphosphate (DCP). Proniosomal powders spontaneously form niosomal dispersion upon hydration with water. The prepared proniosomes were evaluated and the influence of different processmg and formulation variables such as surfactant chain length, cholesterol content, total lipid concentration, drug concentration.