الفهرس 
Materials, Preparations and MeasurementsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chmielewski and Haji-saeid (2004) reported that the radiation technologies applying gamma sources and electron accelerators for material processing are well-established processes. The technologies to be developed besides environmental applications could be nanomaterials, structure engineering materials and natural polymers processing. Wilson (1974) reported that the ionizing radiation covers
different types of radiation, such as electromagnetic waves, X-rays
and γ-rays from radioisotopes (cobalt-60 and cesium-137). Also β-
rays and electron beams generated by electron accelerators. Heavy
particle radiations (e.g. alpha, accelerated deuteron and heavier ions)
and neutron beams may be used for special purposes. It can be easily
seen that there are generally undetectable differences in the effects
produced by electrons and gamma rays at equal doses. Fast moving
electrons lose their energy through electrostatic interaction with the
electrons of irradiated medium. If energy transferred from the incident
particles is higher than the binding energy of the electrons in the
molecule, an electron may be ejected leaving behind a positively
charged ”ionized” molecule. If the amount of energy transferred to the
molecule is less than its lowest ionization potential, electronic
excitation may occurring giving rise to an excited state, which may or
may not dissociate further into free radicals.
CHAPTER I Introduction and Literature Review
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The two most common radiation types in industrial use are
gamma and electron beam.