الفهرس 
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Abstract
The early diagnosis of pregnancies at risk for preventable perinatal handicap is a primary goal of the obstetric care providers. One of the most consistently used justifications for the use of obstetric ultrasound is accurate diagnosis of any obstetric abnormality as amniotic fluid abnormalities and any associated fetal anomalies before delivery which can provide a number of management options.
A common clinical finding is the existence of a low AFI in an otherwise normal pregnancy, when an ultrasound is obtained for some other reason. Because the diagnosis of oligohydramnios has been associated with poor perinatal outcomes, many women, who are at or near term are sent to labor and delivery to be considered for induction, solely due to the low AFI. Frequently, their cervical examination is unfavorable for induction, and in spite of this, an induction is attempted. This usually end by C.S.
In this study we concluded that, when oligohydramnios is associated with IUGR , fetal congenital anomalies, or pulmonary hypoplasia , this will contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality, and not the oligohydramnios itself.
Also, we found that early-onset of severe polyhydramnios is associated with a significant increase in aneuploidy, congenital malformations, preterm delivery, and perinatal mortality , however, mild polyhydramnios, especially in the latter part of the third trimester, is usually idiopathic, or related to diabetes mellitus (DM) , and has little positive or negative impact on perinatal survival.
The incidence of congenital anomalies associated with amniotic fluid abnormalities was more than that reported in literature and this will need further studies for verification of the actual etiologies.
In AFV abnormalities close follow up is recommended as there is an increase tendency for preterm interference at certain circumstances and this raise a very important question , which is ; Is the fetus mature or not yet? Our study answer this question .
Two very important questions , asked by the obstetrician generally and specifically in cases of AFV abnormalities : Is there pulmonary hypoplasia or not ? and If present, is it lethal or not? We concluded a cut off values for Rt. Lung length, Lt. lung length, and total lung volume with fairly good sensitivity and specificity using the 2D US as it is the most available and easy tool than 3D US.