الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A total of 191 animals (104 cows and 87 buffaloes) at smallholder farms were studied. Of all, 71 cows and 52 buffaloes were tentatively diagnosed to have ketosis. Moreover, 33 cows and 35 buffalo were diagnosed to have PPH. In addition, 84 clinically healthy animals (52 cows and 32 buffalo) from the same localities were randomly selected as control. Animals were selected from study farms to represent 5% of the total numbers. Data on each animal under investigation was collected. The animal’s identification, age, number of animals per herd was recorded. A questionnaire was done about herd profiles management, general health history, type of fodders and other risk factors.
Ketosis:In ketotic animals the most significant risk factors were hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, long dry period, feeding on corn silage and age. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression model showed that only four risk factors were the most important including hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, pariety and stage of lactation. Regarding the biochemical profile, there were significant increases in the blood concentration of BHBA and in the serum activity of AST and ALT in ketotic cows, compared to the control cows. The concentrations of glucose significantly lower in ketoic cows than in the control group.
Post parturient hemoglobinuria (PPH):The most significant risk factors in postparturient hemoglobinuric animals were hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, season and stage of lactation. On the other hand, multivariate logistic regression model showed that only four risk factors were the most important including hypocalcemia, hypomagnesaemia, pariety and stage of lactation. In the present study a significant decreased total erythrocyte counts (TEC). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were observed in PPH affected cows and buffaloes as compared to healthy animals
The erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and glutathione peroxidase in PPH affected cows and buffaloes were significantly lower than that of healthy animals
In conclusion,
1- The results of the present study indicate that monitoring of parturient cows for occurrence of metabolic diseases is important. Moreover, identification of the risk factors of ketosis and PPH in parturient cows is essential for veterinarian to set up preventive program for such metabolic disease.
2- Insulin and dextrose combination and Toldimfos sodium is a good alternative treatment for ketosis and PPH respectively in dairy cows and buffaloes.