الفهرس 
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Abstract
Minimizing travel time during rush hours downtown is an objective for vehicle drivers and services delivery. It is strategic target for emergency organizations. If the shortest road based on distance measure has a traffic congestion, it might be better off to take a route that might seem longer in distance but could really get the vehicles to their destinations faster due to less time consuming (traffic congestions).
This thesis shows how the classification of real-time speeds, combined with historical speeds for each street segment in the road network, can be used to develop routing strategies. That tends to improve both cost and service productivity measure. Thesis presents a decision support system based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS), named Real-time Dynamic Route System (REDRS), which benefits from the advantages of the integration between information systems and communications technology. It utilizes Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), and Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) services; for covering the problem of dynamic road congestions by producing real time routes to dispatch system. REDRS contains geo-info data acquisition (off-line and on-line) modules, route description sender modules, route calculation module, speed classifier module, etc. Route calculation is based on the dynamic road network’ current and historical speeds. GPS-Trackers are the main geo-info acquisition device for REDRS, which is fixated in each vehicle. It collects and calculates vehicle’s geo-info (spatial data) which includes time, date, longitude, latitude, speed, etc. These data are sent to REDRS’s control center wirelessly through either Short Message Service (SMS) or General Packet Radio Service (GPRS). A week days are sliced into time intervals each is half hour (30 minutes), and a speed table is assigned for each. REDRS classifies geo-info over time slice intervals. Each time interval’s database table contain the historical speed for each street segment in the roads network, the real time speeds are collected and treated by GIS tools to determine real time speed for each street segment. Both of historical and real time speeds are being used for calculating time impedance (cost matrix) for each street segment dynamically. REDRS utilizes the cost matrix of the current time slice to determine the best route to each vehicle in duty attached. Finally, REDRS produces route directions list in two formats to be sent to the vehicle: text format (sent through SMS), and HTML format (sent through GPRS).
Route calculation module is the most important operation in REDRS, it is triggered each: time slice, geo-info acquisition, and vehicle’s current position is out of the calculated/assigned route. Both of Dijekstra and Yen (k shortest path algorithm) algorithms are used and compared for this calculation. The comparing factor is the process consuming time; this comparison is achieved and implemented via C# programming language.