الفهرس 
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Abstract
The plant material used in this work consisted of the leaves of Ruellia patula Jacq. and Ruellia tuberosa Linn. cultivated in Orman Botanical garden in Giza, Egypt. The plant material was collected in July 2007 during the flowering stage of the plant. Voucher specimens were kept in herbarium, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt. The work is divided into three main parts.
Part I
Phytochemical investigation of Ruellia patula
The phytochemical study including: extraction, fractionation, isolation and identification of different constituents.
The isolation of the pure active constituents from the interesting fractions using the different chromatographic techniques as CC, DCCC and HPLC.
The identification of the isolated compounds based on different spectroscopic methods including: IR, UV, CD, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and mass spectroscopic methods, in addition to acid hydrolysis and comparison of physical, chemical and chromatographic characters with authentic samples. A list of the isolated compounds is recorded in Table 66.
Part II
Phytochemical investigation of Ruellia tuberosa
The phytochemical study including: extraction, fractionation, isolation and identification of different constituents.
The isolation and identification of the isolated compounds based on different chromatographic techniques and modern spectroscopic methods. A list of the isolated compounds is recorded in Table 67.
Part III
Biological investigation of Ruellia patula and Ruellia tuberosa
Investigation of some biological effects of the different plant extracts and the isolated compounds including; cytotoxic, antibacterial, antileishmania and DPPH radical scavenging activities were carried out.
1: Determination of the cytotoxic activity:
The extracts and compounds Rp-MeOH, Rp-Hexane, Rp-EtOAc, Rp-15, Rt-MeOH, Rt-Hexane and Rt-EtOAc exhibited significant cytotoxic activity at concentration of 100μM (μg/ml) as compared with the positive control, doxorubicin. While compounds Rt-4, Rt-13 and Rt-15 had moderate cytotoxic activity at concentration of 100μM (μg/ml), furthermore, Rp-Aqueous, Rp-1, Rp-2 and Rt-BuOH showed weak cytotoxic activity at concentration of 100μM (μg/ml). On the other hand, the rest of the tested extracts and compounds showed no activity at all.
2: Determination of the antibacterial activity:
Almost all the tested extracts and compounds have no antibacterial activity at concentration of 100μM (μg/ml).
3: Determination of the anti-leishmania activity:
All the tested extracts and compounds had no anti-leishmanial activity.
4: Determination of DPPH radical scavenging activity:
The compound Rt-13 had a strong inhibitory activity, while Rp-EtOAc, Rp-7, Rp-15, Rt-4 exhibited a moderate activity and compounds Rp-14, and Rt-8, Rt-9 showed approximately half the activity of the reference compound, Trolox.
The extracts and compounds Rp-10, Rt-MeOH, Rt-EtOAc and Rt-BuOH showed a weak inhibitory activity at concentration of 50 µM (μg/ml), while the rest of the tested extracts and compounds did not exhibit significant activity at 50 µM (μg/ml).