الفهرس 
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Abstract
Given the prevalence of diseases, cirrhosis of the liver and kidney failure and tardiness causes in our time and difficult to deal with these diseases, It was the goal of this research is to try to follow the preventive effects of some natural substances on the pathological changes induced experimentally in albino rats using some histological and chemical techniques. Carbon tetrachloride was used to cause histopathological changes in liver and kidney of white rats, Zinc and vitamin E have been used as compounds according to references in its preventive capacity for many diseases caused by toxins and oxidation factors.
The experimental animals weighing between (120-150 gm at the beginning of the experiment) was divided into five groups. The first group was control, while the second group was given 0.1 ml of carbon tetrachloride / 100 g of body weight twice a week for 10 weeks, The third group was given 0.1· ml carbon tetrachloride / 100 g of body weight twice a week and 47 mg of zinc oxide / kg of food per day and for 10 weeks, The fourth group was given 0.1 ml carbon tetrachloride /100 g of body weight twice a week and 0.1 ml of vitamin E / 100 g of body weight three times weekly for 10 weeks, While the fifth group was given 0.1 ml carbon tetrachloride / 100 g of body weight twice a week and 47 mg of zinc oxide / kg of food per day in addition to 0.1 ml of vitamin E / 100 g of body weight three times a week and for 10 weeks. At the end of the period (ten weeks) samples were taken from liver and kidney tissue and placed in the Bouin fixative, formal Saline, 10% formalin and Carnoy fixative, and then these samples were prepared in the usual way to do sections for microscopic examination.
The present study showed several histopathological alterations in the liver taken from animals treated with carbon tetrachloride. These alterations included the congestion in the central veins and aggregations of fibrocytes and lymphocytes around the central vein and damage to the membranes of hepatic cells and walls of the central veins with the appearance of vacuoles in the cytoplasm of hepatic cells and also a large number of nuclei which were small sized and dark colored and complete lysis for some other nuclei. Also, it was noticed that, an increase in collagen fibers in portal areas and reticular fibers between the hepatic cells. It was also noted, a severe depletion in the amount of carbohydrates and proteins. And also a significant increase in the density of cox-2 enzyme in the cytoplasm of hepatic cells. This could be
explained that carbon tetrachloride in the body, produce free radicals which cause oxidation of fat found in the cell membrane, which results in degradation of the cell membrane and the changing nature and activity of different enzymes inside the cell and lead to the breakdown of cells and destruction and that also explains the severe decrease in the amount of carbohydrates, which may be the result of the effect of carbon tetrachloride on glucose - 6 - phosphatase enzyme which responsible for regulating of digestion of sugars reduces the efficiency.
In animals treated with zinc had diminished the number of fibrocytes and the amount of collagen and reticular fibers and cause a slight increase in the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, and the emergence of large sized nuclei and also, small number of small dark nuclei. And this might explained by the ability of zinc to help accelerate the process of cell division and growth as it is an anti-oxidant and antiiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory.
While, the samples which studied the protective effect of vitamin E, the results showed good results and improvement in the tissue, despite the presence of some fibrocytes around central veins and also the appearance of large-sized nuclei, but few nuclei of some cells were lysed and the other has become a small dark-colored. The percentage of collagen fibers and the reticular fibers has increased slightly, and also the quantity of carbohydrates and proteins have increased slightly. This can be explained due to the work vitamin E as an antioxidant, enabling it to preserve fat and especially in cell membranes and therefore all the components ofthe cell.
And the protective effect is better when we use both zinc and vitamin E together.
The sections which were taken from the kidney of the animal treated with carbon tetrachloride, showed distortions and shrinkage of Malpighian corpuscles and glomerulus. There has also been some changes in the cells of renal tubules and laceration of the internal walls of the cells and hemorrhage in some blood vessels. Also noted a lack of cellular content of polysacchrides. It was also noted the widening of the lumen of the ascending and descending tubules and increase in the amount of collagen fibers and reticular fibers around Malpighian corpuscles and renal tubules.
A protective effect of zinc on the kidney was observed, where a small number offibrocytes, the amount of collagen fibers and reticular fibers, a slight increase in the amount of carbohydrates and proteina and the appearance of large nuclei were seen, but still have a few number of small dark nuclei.