الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tmj is a complex joint formed by adirect articulation between the mandibular condyle and thje articular fossa of the temporal bone
.The condyle is separated from the fossa by the articular disc which
divides the joint into an upper and lower joint cavities . clinding
monement occurs in the upper joint cavity while the lower joint
cavity functioning as ahing joint . So the TMJ is considered as ahing
joint with amovable socket. The articular surfaces of the TMJ are
lined by adense , avascular , fibrous connective tissue in contrast
with most of the synovial joints of the body which are lined by
ahyaline cartilage . This fibrous connective tissue is generally less
susceptible than the hyaline cartilage to breakdowen over time by
the effects of the aging process.
TMJ is the only movable articulation of the head . It takes the
taskes of mastication, swallowing , and plays arole in the production
of speech.
The function of the TMJ depens on the state of muscles and
ligaments , smoothness of the its articular surfaces , and relation
between disc -condyle complex ,and the articular fossa The TMJ
dysfunction is acommon disorder and related to functional disorders
of the joint . It usually presented as pain , abnormal sounds , and
limitation of movement. Dysfunction is aserious and disabling
condition which may lead to poor oral hygiene , difficult mastication
and, impaired speech . So dysfunction may produce physical and
psychological disturbance to the patient.
Masticatory pain may be localized over the joint , muscles of
mastications , or it may be radiated into the face , neck , or the ear,
therefore it should differentiated from othe causes of facial pains
before treatment starts .
Internal derangement of the TMJ is defined as abnormal
relationship of the articular disc to the condyle so that the disc can
no longer act in harmony with it.
There are multiple aetiologic factors responsible for these
symptoms as emotional state of the person, the occlusal conditions
of the teeth , and trauma , and systemic conditions as rheumatic or
collagenous diseases or othe developmental anomalies ,
inflammatory diseases, fractures , dislocation, ankylosis and
neoplastic diseases
The diagnosis of Tmj disorders depend on the good history
and good clinical examination and investigations as Radiogrphy ,
Electromyograms , Arthroscopy and laboratory testes .
In general CT scan and MRI are the most useful investigations
for diagnosis of different tempromandibular joint disorders .
The treatment of TMJ disorders starts by the correct diagnosis
then palliative treatment to decrease his pain and anxiety , then
treatment of predisposing factors to prevent activation and
recurrence of the disorder. Then specific treatment of TMJ disorders
either the conservative treatment or surgical treatment.
And neck pains are common symptoms complained of
significant lot of patients and therefore need to take a full history of
patients and work laboratory tests, and another ivestigatios as X
rays, CT, and MRI to determine the various real reason for neck pain
and can then be the appropriate treatment of the patient.