الفهرس 
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Abstract
Patient safety necessitate the modification of behavior of health care providers to perceive the wide range of factors of working conditions that affect patient safety and designing of the physical environment to reduce hazards, thereby reducing the chance of accidents .This study was carried out to study the health care working conditions that affect patient safety as perceived by nursing staff. This was achieved through assessing nursing staff perception toward health care working conditions that affect patient safety in Menoufia University Hospital and in Liver Institute at Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, and comparing nursing staff perception toward health care working conditions that affect patient safety between the two selected study settings.Descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used in this study.Moreover, the present study was conducted in selected inpatient and critical care units in the previous two hospitals namely ICU,Hemodialysis, operating room, Medical Department, Surgical Department, Orthopedic, Pediatric, and Urology departments. Additional to Medical ICU, Surgical ICU, Endoscopy department, and Emergency department. . Subjects included in this study were composed of two groups: Group 1: All available number of the staff nurses at the previously selected inpatient and critical care units in the two hospitals at the time of the study, Group2: All available number of the head nurses in the total previously selected hospitals at the time of the study.To achieve the purpose of this study questionnaire Sheet” Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire” was used for data collection. It was developed by (Zohar, 2000), and adopted, modified by the researcher to be suitable for the study.Content and face validity of the tool were measured, also reliability of the tool (correlation coefficient alpha) was ( r =0.93). The main findings of the present study revealed the following: The mean score of nurses’ perception in both Menoufia university Hospital (147.6) and Liver Institute (166.2) showed high level of nursing staff perception toward health care working conditions that affect patient safety in the two settings.< There was increase in mean score of nursing staff perception regarding all domains of working conditions in Liver Institute thanmean score of nursing staff perception in Menoufia University hospital. There were statistically significant differences between the study settings regarding all domains except the environmental factors. There were statistically significant differences regarding the mean score of workforce staffing (p 0.05) and workflow design (p 0.01) with their ages.There was slightly increase in mean score of studied nurses with bachelor degree than nurses with diploma degree regarding all domains of working conditions, also there were statistically significant differences regarding the mean score of workforce staffing and personal / social factors with qualification. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the mean score of all domains except for the workforce staffing as compared to their years of experience. There was slightly increase in mean score of studied nurses who attended previous workshops than studied nurses who did not attend previous workshops. Also there was no statistically significant difference regarding the mean score of all domains of health care working conditions that affect patient safety except for the organizational factors with their attending of previous workshops In conclusion, providing insight into nurses’ perception about working conditions can be used as a baseline for raising safety awareness throughout the organization and identifying the areas that need for improvement. For all categories of working conditions examined in this study, the mean score of nurses’ perception in both Menoufia university Hospital and Liver Institute showed high level of nursing staff perception toward health care working conditions that affect patient safety in the two settings. There were statistically significant differences between the study settings regarding all domains except the environmental factors, also there was increase in mean score of nursing staff perception regarding all domains of working conditions in Liver Institute than mean score of nursing staff perception in Menoufia University hospital.Further research is recommended in the field of patient safety to further investigate the relationship between the nursing staff perception about working conditions that affect patient safety and their actual performance. Also, implementing continuous training programmes on patient safety issues for the different categories of health care providers to ensure their own safety as well as patients’ safety.