الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) has been shown to provide effective therapy for patients with localized RCC when there is a need to preserve functioning renal paren- chyma, particularly in cases of bilateral RCC or in patients with a solitary kidney aim- ing at cancer cure with avoidance of renal failure that would necessitate dialysis or subsequent renal replacement therapy .
NSS preserves unaffected nephrons with excellent cancer-specific survival; One of the major drawbacks of NSS is the risk of a local tumor recurrence in the operated kidney.