الفهرس 
المقدمهOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Agriculture in Egypt began some seven to eight thousand
years ago. According to radiocarbon datings, the oldest
agricultural settlements known are situated in Northern Egypt
(Butzer, 1959). There is only scarce infonnation on the original
natural vegetation of the Nile Delta and valley. Butzer ( 1959)
assumes U1e existence of a kind of gallery forests along the River
Nile banks, low scrubs with shrub and grass vegetation in the
seasonally inlllldated alluvial flats) and limited swamp areas with
marsh vegetation during predynastic and early historical times.
The natural vegetation of the flood plains was gradually changed
and diminished in its extent. Some species dominating this
original vegetation have con1pletely disappeared, and are replaced
by the artificial stands of cultivated crops and their weed
companions. The present available knowledge of ancient,
spontaneous as well as cultivated plants are mostly based on
ftndings from prehistorical and historical settlements. fu Egypt,
the n1ost itnportant sources of infonnation are plant-remains fron1
ancient tombs.
Kosinovc\ (1974a) stated that the tenus weeds, weed flora
and weed vegetation are conunonly used in the literature
concen1ed with Egyptian flora. The Egyptian weed flora is most n•equently occur in artificial habitats such as cultivated fields,
gardens, pahu groves, orchards, lawns, roads, roadsides, canal
banks, cnnal channels, ditches, drains, etc. There are, however